1. Shout to the drowning person that they will save him now.
2. Look around to see if there is a life-saving device nearby. It can be anything that increases a person’s buoyancy and that you are able to throw (lifebuoy, inner tube, rope).
If there is nothing suitable, rush to help without wasting time.
3. Take off your shoes, undress if possible, or empty your pockets.
4. To a panicking drowning person it is necessary swim only from behind without allowing him to grab your arm or neck. Take the drowning person by the clothes (preferably by the collar) or armpits, turn him face up so that he is above the water all the time. In this position, the victim should be taken to shore as quickly as possible.
Sometimes it is possible to grab the victim by the hair, but wet hair easily slip out of your hands.
If drowning has captured you- take a breath and dive under the water, then the drowning person, trying to stay near the surface, will let you go.
! No need to stun the victim, because It is easier to bring a conscious person to shore (he can help keep himself on the surface).
To bring the victim ashore, use various techniques:
The rescuer floats on his side:
With the help of leg movements and strokes of the “lower” hand, and with the “upper” hand, the rescuer holds the drowning person by the shoulder or forearm of the opposite arm, passing his hand over the victim’s equal arm and under his back.
The rescuer floats on his back:
Using crawl movements of the legs, with the victim turned on his back, the rescuer holds the chin with straight hands (in no case squeezing his throat!) or under the armpits.
Having pulled it ashore, examine the victim:
5. If the person is conscious.
It is necessary to warm and calm the victim:
take off wet clothes, rub with warm hands, change into dry underwear, give a hot drink, if excited - 25-30 drops of valerian tincture.
6. If a person is unconscious, but pulse and breathing are preserved:
Lay the victim down with the leg end raised, head turned to the side. Bring to consciousness - let the fumes smell ammonia. Remove clothes and vigorously rub the skin to restore blood circulation, then wrap in warm, dry clothes. Administer analeptics (cordiamin 1 ml, intramuscularly).
7. If a person is in terminal condition on the shore, deck or boat, it is necessary to clear the victim’s nose, mouth and throat of sand, silt, and mucus as soon as possible. Turn your head to the side and use a finger wrapped in a napkin to restore the patency of the upper respiratory tract.
8. The “blue drowned” (before proceeding with resuscitation measures) must remove water from the stomach and lungs.
Press sharply on the root of the tongue; if the drowned person begins to vomit and cough, remove water from the stomach and lungs.
The victim is laid face down on the ground (a) or with his stomach on the thigh of the rescuer’s leg bent at the knee so that the head and shoulders hang down (b) and, with sharp jerking movements, the lateral surfaces of the chest are compressed for at least 10 - 15 seconds.
After removing the water in the absence of breathing and pulse in the carotid arteries, you should immediately begin mechanical ventilation and NMS.
It is possible to revive a “pale drowned person” faster because their heart contractions do not stop (with laryngospasm). After being removed from the water, they immediately begin resuscitation measures.
After drowning in cold water, a person in a state of clinical death is in deep hypothermia. In the brain, as in the entire body, immersed in ice water, metabolic processes almost completely stop. Low t environment significantly delays the onset of biological death.
9. After resuscitation measures, both the “blue drowned” and the “pale drowned” need to be warmed up. Rub dry over entire body warm hands or clothes to restore blood circulation, and then wrap in warm, dry clothes and blankets.
10. Deliver the victim to a medical facility. If there was no intubation, the victim should be transported on his side with the head end of the stretcher lowered.
- Before children go to camps, hikes, or picnics, adults should familiarize children with safety rules at water bodies.
- If you are relaxing near a pond with children, then be sure to keep an eye on them, even if the children are playing in shallow water, because there is a chance that while playing, the child may fall and choke. Children can learn to swim only under adult supervision.
- It is not recommended to enter the water when hot. Do not swim far from the shore, do not swim beyond warning signs (buoys). Swim in specially designated and equipped areas. Never swim alone, especially if you are not confident in your abilities. Do not give false distress signals.
- Do not play games in the water that involve gripping - in the heat of excitement, you can cause your partner to inhale water instead of air and lose consciousness. Avoid grabbing each other's arms and legs while playing in the water.
- It is dangerous to jump (dive) into water in an unknown place - you can hit your head on the ground, snags, piles, etc., break cervical vertebrae, lose consciousness and die.
- Those who cannot swim can swim only in specially equipped places with a depth of no more than 1.2 meters.
You can't swim while drunk.
What to do if a person is drowning:
- Immediately call loudly for help: “The man is drowning!”
- Ask to call rescuers and " ambulance».
- Throw a lifebuoy, a long rope with a knot at the end, to the drowning person.
- If you are a good swimmer, take off your clothes and shoes and swim to the drowning person. Talk to him. If you hear an adequate answer, feel free to offer him your shoulder as a support and help him swim to the shore. If the drowning person is in a panic, grabs you and drags you into the water, use force. If you are unable to free yourself from the grip, take a deep breath and dive under the water, dragging the person being rescued with you. He will definitely let you go. If a drowning person is unconscious, you can transport him to the shore by holding him by the hair.
If you are drowning yourself:
- Do not panic.
- Take off your excess clothes, shoes, scream, call for help.
- Roll over onto your back, spread your arms wide, relax, take a few deep breaths.
- Before you go swimming, don't forget to take a safety pin with you. It will help you if cramps start in the water. If your leg is cramped and you don’t have a pin with you, pinch the calf muscle several times. If that doesn't help, grab it tightly. thumb legs and straighten it sharply. Swim to the shore.
You choked on water:
- Don't panic, try to turn your back to the wave.
- Press your arms bent at the elbows to your lower chest and take several sharp exhalations, helping yourself with your hands.
- Then clear the water from your nose and make a few swallowing movements.
- Having regained your breathing, lie on your stomach and move towards the shore.
- Call people for help if necessary.
Rules for providing assistance in case of drowning:
- Turn the victim face down, lower the head below the pelvis.
- Clean your mouth.
- Press sharply on the root of the tongue.
- When gag and cough reflexes appear, achieve complete removal of water from the respiratory tract and stomach.
- If there are no gagging movements and no pulse, put him on his back and begin resuscitation (artificial respiration, chest compressions). When signs of life appear, turn it face down and remove water from the lungs and stomach.
- Call an ambulance.
- If a person has already plunged into the water, do not give up trying to find him in the depths and then bring him back to life. This can be done if the drowned person was in the water for no more than 6 minutes.
The victim must not be left unattended, as cardiac arrest may occur at any moment. You also cannot transport the victim yourself; if possible, you need to call the rescue service.
Swimming up to a drowning person is dangerous - a panicked person can pull you along with him.
Do not let them grab you; the victim must be transported so that his respiratory tract is above the surface of the water. If the person brought ashore is unconscious, it is necessary to clear his airways of water. To do this, bend him over your knee, placing him on his stomach with his head down. Then shake several times. You can take a child or teenager by the legs and jog them head down. If the condition does not improve, it is necessary to perform artificial ventilation and chest compressions. Pay special attention to children, because there are cases when children choked on water even when they were stranded.
If you notice a drowning person
Throw a floating object to a drowning person, encourage him, call for help. When reaching the victim by swimming, take into account the current of the river. If the drowning person does not control his actions, swim up to him from behind and, grabbing him by the head, arm, hair, tow him to the shore.
On shore it is necessary to provide first aid, eliminate oxygen deficiency, and apply resuscitation measures.
When on the beach, don't forget about safety!
Violation of the rules of safe behavior on water is the main cause of death (including children).
To avoid trouble, you and your children must strictly follow a series of simple rules behavior on the water.
REMEMBER:
- you can swim only in permitted places and in the presence of adults;
You should not dive in unfamiliar places - there may be submerged logs, stones, snags, metal rods, etc. at the bottom.
You should not swim in wetlands or where there is algae or mud;
You cannot swim far from the shore without calculating your strength; it is dangerous even for those who know how to swim well;
You cannot cling to boats, climb onto navigation equipment signs, buoys, etc.;
You cannot swim up to passing ships, swim behind the buoys and swim out into the fairway;
The ability to swim well is one of the most important guarantees of safe recreation on the water, but remember that even a good swimmer must exercise constant caution, discipline and strictly adhere to the rules of behavior on the water. It is best to swim in specially equipped places: beaches, swimming pools, bathhouses; It is mandatory to first undergo a medical examination and familiarize yourself with the internal regulations of the swimming areas.
When hiking, you need to choose a place for swimming where there is clean water, a flat sandy or gravel bottom, shallow depth (up to 2 m), and no strong current (up to 0.5 m/s). It is recommended to start swimming in sunny, windless weather at a water temperature of 17 -190C, air 20-250C. You should stay in the water for 10-15 minutes; before swimming, you must first wipe your body with water.
When a swimmer's body becomes hypothermic in the water, cramps may appear that cramp the arm, and more often the leg or both legs. If you experience convulsions, you must immediately get out of the water.
Saving a drowning man is the work of the drowning man himself. This expression is true in many areas of life, but not in its literal sense. A person can do a lot to prevent it on the water, but when he becomes this very “drowning” person, he can no longer help himself.
What to do if you saw a drowning person? At this moment, it is important to urgently take measures to save him. After all, it only takes a few minutes for a person to drown. It is extremely important in as soon as possible assess the situation and choose the optimal method of providing assistance. In such a situation, you need to remember that the reward for the actions taken can be human life.
We correctly assess the situation
To begin with, it is important to understand that not every drowning person will call for help and flounder violently in the water. Spasms of the vocal apparatus, interruptions in breathing and panic can prevent a person in trouble from making any sounds to attract the attention of potential rescuers.
The fact that a person needs outside help can be indicated by his staying in one place, periodically going under water and traceable panic in his movements and facial expressions. If you are not sure that someone is really drowning, try to call out to them or draw the attention of others. When confirming this assumption, it is necessary to remember what actions are performed when rescuing a drowning person.
Determining the rescue method
Rushing into the water to help a drowning person is a noble cause, but not always justified. This should not be the first thing that comes to your mind in such a situation, especially if you are not a very experienced swimmer. Better take the following steps:
- Encourage others to help.
- Determine whether it is necessary to jump into the water to save a drowning person or whether assistance can be provided from the shore, boat or pier.
- Find items that can help in rescue.
We help without plunging into water: option No. 1
If the distance and condition of the drowning person allows, you can grab his hand. To ensure a reliable grip, you need to loudly and clearly explain to the drowning person that he needs to grab your hand as tightly as possible. Try to speak in a calm but confident voice so as not to increase the panic of the person you are rescuing.
To avoid ending up in the water, take a lying position, spread your arms and legs wide and ask someone to hold you. Never provide assistance while standing or crouching. Do everything possible so that saving a drowning person does not become a fight with death for you too.
We help without plunging into water: option No. 2
If it is impossible to reach the victim with your hand, take an oar or a rescue pole, find a strong stick, branch or other strong object nearby and, holding it out to the drowning person, explain that he must grab it tightly. If a person, tired of the struggle for life, does not have the strength to hold on to something, he will still have to jump into the water and help him (an option is acceptable if there are at least two rescuers).
We help without plunging into water: option No. 3
Any non-sinkable object at hand can serve an excellent purpose when rescuing a drowning person. A piece of foam plastic, wood, or even a plastic bottle will help hold such a person on the water. If possible, tie a string to whatever you will be using. With its help, it will be much easier to pull the victim out of the water.
However, when throwing a rescue object into the water, be careful not to hit a person. Try to time the throw so that the current carries the object to the drowning person. If the victim is weakened and cannot hold on to an object thrown at him, it is necessary to swim up to him and help him do this.
When and who should swim to the rescue?
What should you do if you notice a drowning person far from the shore, pier, boat or edge of the pool? In this case, the methods of saving a drowning person are not so varied. If you are an excellent swimmer and have good physical shape and stamina, you can safely throw yourself into the water. But it would be better to ask someone to swim with you for backup.
If you are not confident that you are able to cope with the task, you should not take risks. The best thing you can do in such a situation is to call for help. If you are in a public place, there is probably at least one person around you who can help and knows how to do it. While the rescue is being organized, call an ambulance.
We swim to the drowning man
Trying to save a panic-stricken drowning person can put you in a pretty dangerous situation. While fighting for life, he may not behave quite adequately. The state of shock in which he is in may prompt him to take actions that threaten the life of his savior, and, accordingly, his own. It is possible that a drowning person will grab onto the one who is helping him, interfering with his freedom of movement and plunging both under water.
In view of such danger, it is better to swim up to a drowning person from behind, so as to remain unnoticed by him until the last moment. If the action takes place on a river, dive into the water in a place where the current will help you swim to the drowning person. If possible, take with you a lifebuoy or other object that you can grab onto to stay on the surface of the water. Do not jump into the water wearing clothes, as their heaviness after getting wet will complicate your movement, and it will be easier for a drowning person to cling to you.
Transporting a drowning person
The rules for rescuing a drowning person also apply to further movement with him through the water. The tactics of behavior here depend on his condition. If he is calm and adequate, you can easily transport him after he firmly grasps your shoulders.
If a person in a panic randomly grabs you, first try to relax and dive under the water with him. Then, when he releases you and rushes towards the surface, you will have a chance to grab him correctly. The ideal grip option is to place a hand that is comfortable for you under the drowning person’s arm from the back and grab his opposite shoulder. In this case, you will have to swim sideways, using one free hand.
If a person behaves calmly, he can be transported in other ways. For example, while lying with your back on the water, you can use one or both hands to hold his chin above the water. If you hold your chin with one hand, you can use the other to row.
Another option is to start your own strong hand under the same hand of a drowning man and use it to support his chin. You can hold a drowning person from behind by the hand lying on his chest and passing through the armpit of the second hand. The best way to rescue a drowning person will be determined by the situation.
Saving a drowning man in winter
The algorithm for saving a drowning person under whom the ice has fallen is completely different. It is important here to call rescuers and an ambulance without wasting a minute. While they are getting to the scene of the accident, you can gently help the victim out of the icy water. To do this, you need to arm yourself with a stick, belt, scarf or other object, the other end of which the victim can grab onto.
The victim should be approached from the side of the thickest ice. This should only be done by crawling, with your arms and legs spread wide. When he can grab the edge of the object you are using, carefully, in smooth movements, move back, dragging him along with you. When getting to the shore on the ice, try not to get close to each other, crawl slowly, avoiding sudden movements.
We provide first aid
If, while in the water, a person managed to drink it, which can be indicated by vomiting, loss of consciousness and a bluish complexion, once in a safe place, you should first of all help him cleanse his lungs and stomach. To do this, position the victim face down, you need to throw your leg bent at the knee and press on the interscapular space.
Another important action on which the salvation of a drowning person depends is the normalization of his breathing. Sometimes all it takes is opening his mouth wide and tugging on his tongue. If he cannot breathe due to spasm, there is a need for artificial respiration. You may also need a cardiac massage.
Afterwards, try to calm and warm the victim as soon as possible. To reduce heat loss, you need to quickly remove wet clothes from him, massage his limbs, rub his body with a dry cloth (alcohol can be used) and wrap him in warm, dry clothes. This is especially important if a drowning person is rescued in winter. In this case, if there are no dry things, you need to squeeze out the wet ones, moisten them well with alcohol and put them on the victim again. This will create a warm compress. Another option is to wrap it on top with plastic wrap.
Unfortunately, there have often been situations in life when, in an attempt to pull someone out of the water, the rescuer himself lost his life. This almost always happens because the basic rules for saving a drowning person are known to a very small percentage of the population. While, armed with this vital information, you can accomplish a feat and still remain alive.
Read in this article:
This is roughly how in our fantasies we imagine the scene of rescuing a drowning man. This is roughly what she looks like in the movies. In life, alas, everything is completely different. Fat, tipsy men drown much more often than slender blondes. They are not carried ashore by hand, but pulled out like a bag of waste. Their lips are purple and their mouths are filled with mud and sand.
How to recognize a drowning person
Recognizing a person who is not floundering in the water for fun, but drowning is not a very easy task. It happens that a person goes to the bottom literally in front of others - they see him, they can even watch him, but it does not occur to anyone that the person is in trouble.
Drowning people rarely scream and beg for salvation. Most drown quietly and silently. And not because they are embarrassed to call for help. To scream, you need to take a deep breath, draw air into your lungs. And a drowning man’s breathing is out of breath, he gasps for air like a fish thrown ashore.
In addition, the air in the lungs is our reserve of buoyancy. Try to take a full lungful of air in a safe shallow place, hold your breath and lie down on the water. You will see how easily your body will float on the surface. Now, while remaining on the water, begin to exhale slowly. Very soon your body will lose buoyancy and begin to sink into the water.
The same thing happens to a drowning person. While his lungs are full, he still floats on the surface. But as soon as he screams (and a scream is an exhalation), he will immediately go under water. So, even if a drowning person manages to scream, this scream will be short-lived.
However, there are reliable signs by which you can recognize a drowning person.
The mouth of a drowning person is always at the top and disappears under the water last.
A drowning person tries at all costs to reach for air. From the outside, someone who is just having fun on the water and a drowning person look similar. Both of them can hide under water for a while, then reappear on the surface. The difference is that a drowning person's head is usually thrown back. He reflexively tries to raise his mouth as high as possible.
A drowning person reflexively throws his head back and arches his back to raise his mouth as high as possible
For the same reason, a drowning person, appearing on the surface, instinctively tries to lie on his back. Therefore, a drowning person usually bends back, throwing his shoulders back.
There is also a difference in how a drowning person takes air into his lungs. Anyone who splashes in the water for fun has everything under control. He inhales calmly, knowing that only he can decide when and how much to inhale. For a drowning person, the situation is different. For a short time he managed to stick his head out of the water. When he goes under water again does not depend on him. Therefore, he inhales frantically, trying to get air into his lungs as quickly as possible.
A drowning man instinctively tries to lean on the water
Man is a land creature. It has “water” reflexes, and they manifest themselves, for example, in the fact that a barely born child can swim - like any animal. But very quickly these reflexes are lost. Therefore, in water, if he finds himself in a critical situation, an adult will reflexively behave as if he were on land. And he will try to rely on this water.
Just like a person who is simply playing around in the water, a drowning person makes chaotic movements with his arms, waves them, spreads them to the sides, and can raise clouds of splashes. But unlike someone who simply bathes, a drowning person does all this while trying to lean on the water. He is looking for support in the water. At this moment, he does not realize that water cannot be a support, and persistently repeats the same movements over and over again.
The drowning person's body is in an upright position
This is another sign by which you can understand that a person is not playing around, but drowning. When we bathe, we work with both hands and feet at the same time. The peculiarity of a drowning person is that he stops using his legs. As a result, the drowning person's body stands upright in the water. At this moment it looks like a float from a fishing rod, which either goes under the water or pops up to the surface.
"Glass" eyes
A drowning man has glassy, meaningless eyes. His gaze is unfocused, he looks into nothing. When a person is drowning, he basically does not see anything, despite the fact that his eyes are open. At this moment, even if some object - a rescuer or a boat - appears in front of the drowning person, he will not be able to concentrate on it.
But the eyes of a drowning man may be closed.
Hair covering the face
Another sign of a drowning person may be hair covering the face. In a normal state, a person will remove them from his face. But a drowning man has no time for hair. Even if they are clearly in the way, it will not occur to him to remove them.
#LIFEHACK
If you are in doubt and cannot understand whether a person is drowning or not, call out to him. Someone who is just having fun in the water will most likely respond to your scream. Even if he doesn’t answer anything, he will probably turn his head in your direction. A drowning person will not react to your cry in any way. He simply won't hear him. And this is the most sure sign that he needs help.
What to do if a person is drowning
The main commandment of those who are going to save a drowning person is not to drown themselves. A drowning person is not only a victim of circumstances, he is also a source of danger. A drowning man is practically insane. He perceives the rescuer not as someone who will help him, but as an island that miraculously appeared nearby on which he can rely.
A drowning person does not realize that by grasping a death grip on you, he is drowning both you and himself.
In addition, it is possible that the person began to drown because he fell into a whirlpool or pool. When you swim towards it, you will also find yourself in a dangerous situation. This must be kept in mind when deciding to rush to the aid of a drowning person. It is important that you don’t have to save two people later.
At the same time, we need to act quickly and decisively. A person who has begun to drown and is in a state of panic will be able to stay on the surface for no more than a minute.
You should always swim to a drowning person from behind Here is an approximate sequence of actions if you see a drowning person.
- Do not panic. Of course, it's not easy to pull yourself together when you see your child or loved one drowning. But this must be done to help him.
- Call for help. Draw attention to the drowning person. Shout: “The man is drowning! For help!" How more people starts to help, the better. There are no superfluous people in this matter: some will swim to the drowning person, others will run after professional rescuers, and still others will run after the boat.
- Shout to the drowning man that they will help him now, that help is on the way. If he has just started to drown, he will hear you. Perhaps your words will calm him down a little. And this will give him the opportunity to stay on the surface longer.
- Look around. Maybe there is a lifebuoy nearby or something that can be used as a flotation device - inflatable mattresses, inner tubes, vests, buoys. If a person is drowning near the shore, throw them to him. If you are swimming from a boat, then life-saving equipment must be on it. There may be other boats or rafts nearby. Saving a person using watercraft is much easier than doing it by swimming. It happens that a person falls, for example, from a steep bank, bridge, breakwater and drowns literally next to you. Then ropes, poles or even a long tree branch will be a good help. Hand them to a drowning man, he will cling to them.
#IMPORTANT
When deciding to rush to the aid of a drowning person, really evaluate your capabilities. You must be able to swim and dive well. The worst thing is if you help a drowning person, you start drowning yourself. Then two people will have to be saved.
- Before rushing to the aid of a drowning person, take off your clothes. Yes, time is precious. But without clothes you will swim much faster. So, the time savings are quite ephemeral. In addition, without clothes you will spend less energy in the water. And you need strength to lift a drowning person to the surface and pull him ashore or on board a boat.
- Consider the current. Your task is to swim straight to the drowning man. If on a river with a strong current you swim straight towards it, then you will not get to the desired point, you will be carried away. And then you will have to row against the current. You need to either make allowances for it, or, which is usually easier and faster, walk up the shore and enter the water above the drowning person.
- In water, do not let a drowning person out of your sight, even for a few seconds. Swimming with your head up is more difficult, but there are inevitable costs. The fact is that a drowning person can disappear under water at any moment and you need to remember the place where you last saw him. There you have to dive after him.
- You only need to swim up to a drowning person from behind. This is an important condition for your safety. If a person is already in an uncontrollable state, he can grab you, try to lean on you, and then you will begin to drown with him. If you can’t swim up from behind - for example, a drowning person, despite panic, sees you and turns to face you, dive under him, grab him by the hips or legs under water and turn him back to you.
#IMPORTANT
Don't extend your hand to someone who is drowning. Is it dangerous. A person in an uncontrollable state can grab onto it so that you will not be able to free yourself. With one free hand, it will be difficult not only to swim to the shore, but also to stay on the surface.
Do not extend your hand to a drowning person. Is it dangerous - On a boat, you need to approach a drowning person with the stern or bow. If you swim broadside, a drowning person can grab onto it and capsize the boat.
- Despite all precautions, a drowning person may grab you by the arms or, even worse, by the neck. You must immediately release yourself from the hold. This is how you get rid of a neck hold. Place one hand on the drowning person's chin, and the other grab his lower back. Now you need to pull his lower back towards you, and, on the contrary, push his chin away. Of course, it won’t look very delicate, but ceremony is unnecessary here. After all we're talking about about survival - both of the one who is drowning and yours. So, don’t be shy: it’s better to hurt a drowning person a little than for both of you to drown. Hands are released from grips by twisting them. They twist their arms with a jerk against thumbs hands of a drowning man.
In the picture, the lifeguard is on the left. The drowning man grabbed him by the head. With his right hand, the rescuer pulls the drowning man towards him by the lower back, and with his left hand he pushes his chin away from him. #LIFEHACK
If you cannot free yourself from the grips, simply dive and stay under water. Having lost support in you, the drowning person will reflexively let you go. After this, float up a short distance from him from the back.
- There are several ways to capture a drowning person. The simplest one is by the hair. There is nothing terrible in this option: when you pull your hair in the water, it doesn’t hurt. Towing a drowning person by the hair, firstly, ensures that he does not grab you. And secondly, it will give you the opportunity to swim face forward and paddle with one hand. Another method of transportation is by the armpits. In this case, you swim forward with your back and drag the victim along with you. This method is more economical in terms of energy consumption and is convenient on high waves. But, unfortunately, the slowest. And finally, there is a third way - using the so-called sea capture. You put your hand under the victim's armpit and place it on his opposite shoulder. In this case, your second hand remains free and you can row with it. You will have to swim sideways, but the victim will be securely fixed and will not disturb you.
Methods of transporting the victim: by the chin and using a sea grip - Don't forget to push off from the bottom when ascending if you rescued a drowning person from there. This will save you a lot of effort, because you are not only raising yourself to the surface, but also the victim. And he is heavy, his lungs are probably already filled with water.
- A drowning person should only be transported face up. When transported by a sea grip or by the armpits, his face will in any case be on the surface. But if you pull the victim’s hair, you need to control this moment and lift his head up to provide the victim with access to air.
- If the victim is in adequate condition, of course, there is no need to drag him by the hair or with grips. Just let him grab your shoulder with one hand. His arm should be fully extended. Otherwise, he will drown you, leaning on top. If you feel able, talk to the victim. This will calm him down.
#IMPORTANT
Unprofessional rescuers often make the mistake of allowing a victim who is in adequate condition to grab the rescuer’s neck with both hands. There is no need to do this. Firstly, the victim will fall on you and drown you. Secondly, in the desire to cling on as tightly as possible, he will choke you.
- It is most convenient to pull the victim ashore if he is unconscious by the armpits. Keep in mind that if a person fell from a bridge, for example, they could injure their spine. In this case, you can pull it ashore only on something flat and hard - on a board or on a shield.
If the victim has filled his lungs with water, you need to immediately call an ambulance and, without waiting for it, begin resuscitation measures Resuscitation measures
A person’s breathing reflexes disappear 4-6 minutes after his lungs are completely filled with water. Doctors call this condition paralysis of the respiratory center. The victim's heart stops after about 15 minutes. But both breathing and heart rate can be restored. To do this, you need to immediately begin resuscitation measures. There have been cases when a person was able to be returned from the other world almost an hour after drowning.
- Lay the victim on his side. Using a finger wrapped in a towel or scarf, remove silt and sand from his mouth. The mouth must be clean.
- Get down on one knee. Place the drowned person with his stomach down on his free knee. The victim's head should be below the chest. Holding his head, press him from behind in the area of his shoulder blades. Water will flow from the victim's stomach and lungs. If the victim is too large and heavy and it is not possible to put him on your knee, take him from below, under the stomach, clasping your hands together, and lift him up. You need to lift the victim like a barbell - with your feet. The arms are fully extended.
First you need to drain the water from the victim’s respiratory tract and stomach. To do this, you need to put it on your knee so that your head is lower than your chest. - When the water drains from the victim, place him on his back. Check to see if he is breathing. Lift your eyelid and see if his pupils react to light. Check your pulse. To do this, you need to place your fingers on the carotid artery on the victim’s neck above the collarbones. If there is no pulse, you need to do chest compressions. If the heart is working - only artificial respiration.
#IMPORTANT
If there is a pulse, even a very weak one, you cannot massage the heart: you can achieve exactly the opposite - complete cardiac arrest. Be careful, don't make a mistake.
- Indirect cardiac massage and artificial respiration do this. Place your palm on the victim's chest near the heart. Place your other palm on top at a slight angle. Raise your fingers so that they do not touch the victim’s chest. You need to apply pressure with the heel of your palm. Use strong, sharp movements to apply pressure to the victim’s chest 4-5 times. At the same time, his chest should fall down by about 4 cm. Press not with the strength of your hands, but with the weight of your body, as if leaning on the victim. After you have applied pressure, take a full breath of air and, pressing your mouth tightly against the victim’s mouth, inhale this air into him. If you do everything correctly, the victim's chest will rise. This is an indication that air has entered the lungs. Repeat the same thing. You should get about 16 blows and 60-90 chest compressions per minute. Now check your pulse. If he does not appear, resuscitation measures must be continued. Don't stop them, even if you think they don't make sense: miracles happen sometimes.
#IMPORTANT
Monitor the position of the victim's tongue so that it does not block the airway. Be prepared for the possibility that the victim may vomit. In this case, he must be quickly turned on his side so that he does not choke on the vomit. Cardiac massage should not be done on a soft surface, so as not to damage the liver.
Indirect cardiac massage should be done with the heel of the palm, with straight arms, using the weight of your body, not the strength of your hands. - If there was no one else to call an ambulance, call it after the drowned person has a pulse and begins to breathe. If there is someone else next to you, an ambulance should be called immediately after it becomes clear that resuscitation measures cannot be avoided. You can also shout from the water for someone to call her.
✅ Drowning is an insured event
If the drowned person has insurance, all costs of resuscitation measures will be covered by the insurance company, except in cases where the victim drowned under the influence of alcohol.
- Rub the victim with cologne, alcohol, or just with your hands. Special attention you need to pay attention to your feet. There are important nerve endings there, they will give strength to the entire body. Put dry clothes on the victim, lay him on his side in case he starts vomiting, and wrap him up: when he comes to, he will be very cold.
- Give the victim strong, sweet tea. You can drop valerian or corvalol as a sedative.
- If it is impossible to call an ambulance to the place where you are, or this could not be done, take the victim to the hospital.
A person is able to stay on the surface of the water for up to a minute after he begins to drown. But only if he is ready to fight for life. In a minute, an experienced swimmer swims about a hundred meters. This is exactly the distance at which we can confidently look at a drowning person and understand that the person is in trouble. And it turns out that the stars converge: if one fights, and the second, without wasting time, rushes to save him, then everything will work out.
