Not long ago, some people thought that sunburn was a necessary evil on the path to a “good tan.” And they said when the inevitable burning and peeling appeared: beauty has a price.

Sun sufferers did not know then that they were setting the skin up for damage to its structural proteins and DNA. Hello wrinkles, liver spots and cancer. Regardless of your skin type, ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun or tanning beds can damage your skin.

Today, recognition of the risks associated with UV rays has prompted scientists to study what happens in our cells when they are exposed to the sun and to develop modern ways to fend off this damage.

What happens when the sun affects your skin

Sunlight is made up of particles of energy called photons. The visible colors that we see with our eyes are relatively harmless to our skin. These are ultraviolet (UV) photons from the sun that can cause skin damage. Ultraviolet light can be divided into two categories: UVA (in the wavelength range 320-400 nm) and UVB (in the wavelength range 280-320 nm).

Our skin contains molecules that are perfectly structured to absorb the energy of UVA and UVB photons. This turns the molecule into an energetically excited state. And as they say, what goes up must come down. To release the acquired energy, these molecules undergo chemical reactions and biological consequences occur in the skin.

Interestingly, some of these effects were considered beneficial adaptations - although we now recognize them as forms of damage. Tanning occurs due to the production of additional melanin pigment caused by UVA rays. Sun exposure also turns on the skin's natural antioxidant network, which deactivates highly damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals; If left unchecked, this can lead to cell damage and oxidative stress in the skin.

We also know that UVA light penetrates deeper into the skin than UVB, destroying a structural protein called collagen. As collagen breaks down, our skin loses its elasticity and smoothness, leading to wrinkles. UVA is responsible for many of the visible signs of aging, while UVB light is considered the main source of sunburn.

The DNA itself can absorb both UVA and UVB rays, causing mutations that, if not corrected, could lead to non-melanoma (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma) or melanoma skin cancer. Other skin molecules transmit absorbed UV energy to RVCs and free radicals. The resulting oxidative stress can overload the skin's built-in antioxidant network and cause cellular damage. MERs can interact with DNA, forming mutations, and with collagen, leading to wrinkles. They can also interrupt cellular signaling pathways and gene expression.

The end result of all these photoreactions is photodamage, which accumulates over a lifetime from repeated exposure. And this applies to all skin types, from Type I (eg Nicole Kidman) to Type VI (eg Jennifer Hudson). No matter how much melanin we have in our skin, we can develop UV-induced skin cancers, and we will all eventually see signs of photon-induced aging in the mirror.

Filtering photons before damage

The good news, of course, is that the risk of skin cancer and visible signs of aging can be minimized by preventing overexposure to ultraviolet radiation. When you can't avoid the sun altogether, today's sunscreens have your back (and the rest of your skin, too).

Sunscreens use UV filters: molecules specifically designed to reduce the amount of ultraviolet rays that reach the surface of the skin. The film of these molecules forms a protective barrier that absorbs (chemical filters) or reflects (physical blocker) UV photons before they can be absorbed by our DNA and other reactive molecules deeper in the skin.

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration regulates it as a drug. 14 molecules approved for use that block sun rays. There are only two molecules that block UVA - avobenzone, a chemical filter; and zinc oxide, a physical blocker, which is a testament to our more recent understanding of how UVA causes problems, not just tanning.

On labels since 1971, SPF represents the relative time it takes for a person to become sunburned by UVB radiation. For example, when it usually takes 10 minutes to tan, when used correctly, an SPF 30 sunscreen should provide 30 times more protection than 300 minutes of protection before tanning.

“Used correctly” is the key phrase. Research shows that the average adult's body requires about 30 ml of sunscreen to cover exposed areas. Most people use between a quarter and half of the recommended amounts, putting their skin at risk.

In addition, the effectiveness of sunscreen is reduced in water or by sweating. To help consumers, sunscreens labeled as "water resistant" or "very water resistant" are now required to last up to 40 minutes or 80 minutes, respectively, in water, and recommend reapplication immediately after any water sports. The general rule is to reapply approximately every two hours and, of course, after water sports or sweating.

To achieve high SPF values, several UVB UVB filters are combined into a formulation based on safety standards. However, SPF does not take UVA protection into account. For a sunscreen to claim to have UVA and UVB protection and to be labeled "Broad Spectrum", it must undergo a large-scale test where the sunscreen is hit with a large dose of UVB and UVA before its effectiveness is tested.

This pre-irradiation step was established in sunscreen labeling regulations and recognized something important about UV filters: some can be photolabile, meaning they can degrade when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The most famous example may be para-aminobenzoic acid. This UVB absorbing molecule is rarely used in sunscreens today because it forms photoproducts that cause an allergic reaction in some people.

But the broad spectrum test only really came into play once, when the UVA-absorbing molecule avobenzone hit the market. Avobenzone may interact with occinoxite, a strong and widely used UVB absorber, in a manner that makes avobenzone less effective against UVA photons. On the other hand, the UVB filter's octocrylene helps stabilize avobenzone so it lasts longer in its UVA-absorbing form. Additionally, you may notice the molecule ethylhexylmethoxyrilene on some sunscreen labels. It helps stabilize avobenzone even in the presence of occinoxate and provides longer-lasting UV protection.

The next thing in sunscreen innovation is expanding its mission. Since even the highest SPF sunscreens do not block 100% of UV rays, adding antioxidants can provide a second line of defense when the skin's natural antioxidant defenses become overwhelmed. Some antioxidant ingredients include tocopherol acetate (vitamin E), sodium ascorbyl phosphate (vitamin C). And sunscreen silicon researchers are beginning to explore whether the absorption of other colors of light, such as infrared, by skin molecules should play a role in photodamage.

As research continues, one thing we know for sure is that protecting our DNA from UV damage, for people of all colors, is synonymous with preventing skin cancer. All health agencies emphasize that research shows that regular use of SPF 15 or higher prevents sunburn and reduces the risk of nonmelanoma cancer by 40 percent and 50 percent.

We can still enjoy our time in the sun. We just need to use the resources available to us, from long sleeves to shade to sunscreens, to protect our skin molecules, especially our DNA, from UV damage.

Indeed, there are three types of rays: UVA, UVB and UVC.

UVC rays
These are very short waves, and they do not reach the Earth, being filtered by the atmosphere. Therefore, we have nothing to worry about them.

UVA rays
These are long wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation, 95% of which reach the Earth. They are present in our lives every day, all year round, from the moment the sun rises until it sets. Moreover, UVA rays reach us in any weather, in any climate zone. This is why, although they are weaker than UVB rays, they can cause more damage. They penetrate through clouds, windows, and their penetration into the skin is deeper. Therefore, it is necessary even indoors and in any weather.

UVA rays really surround us constantly and destroy us just as constantly. Not only do they create damage to the skin, they are one of the sources of free radicals (one of the first causes of aging).

But photoaging is not the only problem associated with UVA rays. They can cause abnormal cell production, which can later cause cancer.

UVB rays
These are mid-wave ultraviolet radiation. Only 5 percent of them reach the Earth's surface. Some of them are absorbed by clouds, and the other part by the ozone layer. Therefore, as you guessed, holes in the ozone layer are so harmful, they have bad consequences not only for the environment, but also for our skin.

UVB rays are most active from 10 am to 4 pm. The only relief: they do not pass through clouds and windows. But there is bad news: these rays are more powerful than long wavelengths (UVA), and they can cause a lot of harm. This damage can be immediately visible - these are sunburn, as well as abnormal mutations of cells and their development, and as a result - skin cancer.

Conclusion
Now you know why it is important to use broad-spectrum sunscreens. Unfortunately, most only have protection against one type of ray.

- SPF filters– This is protection only from UVB rays. Most sunscreens have such filters.

- IPD and PPD filters– This is protection against UVA rays. Be sure to check that your product also includes UVA filters (this is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, Mexoryl, Tinosorb or Avebenzone).

And don't skimp on a good sunscreen that includes both types of protection. Good luck to you!

During the summer, the sun is most active, so prolonged exposure to its scorching rays can be harmful to health. It's all about the invisible radiation that makes up UVA and UVB rays. What is it and can their effect on the body be useful?

UVA rays

95% of all ultraviolet radiation is UVA rays. Although they are not as powerful as UVB rays, they are no less harmful. The rays pass through clouds and glass, penetrating deep into the skin and reaching dermal cells. Under their influence, a tan appears, but the synthesis of free radicals also increases, which is why the skin undergoes photoaging: loss of elasticity and premature wrinkles. A so-called sun allergy appears, which means hypersensitivity. Its symptoms are itching, redness, age spots, and summer sun dermatitis. The rays can cause disruption in cell production, leading to cancer.

UVB rays

The remaining 5% of ultraviolet radiation is represented by UVB rays. They are partially blocked by the ozone layer, clouds and glass. Maximum activity of UVB rays is from 10:00 to 16:00. They contain a large amount of energy, so they can cause quite a lot of problems. When exposed to excessive radiation, the skin suffers serious damage. The result appears immediately in the form of redness of the skin, which disappears after a few days. Severe sunburn causes painful blisters and white spots. When renewed, the skin becomes defenseless to subsequent exposure to ultraviolet radiation. These rays are able to penetrate the epidermis and cause tissue damage. Even cells that survive irradiation do not fully perform their functions. A tissue mutation appears, and as a result, skin cancer is possible. The severe consequences of ozone holes are known, which are considered to be a global problem for humanity.

How else are the sun's rays dangerous?

UV exposure suppresses human immunity. Weakening the body's protective function opens access to many infections and viruses. Therefore, it is not surprising that on a sunny day you can catch a cold. The herpes virus is often activated. With reduced immunity and excessive overheating, herpes is activated and gains strength.

I don't want to get sick in the summer. All health problems occur against the background of a weakened immune system, so to prevent diseases it is worth increasing the body’s protective properties.
Cosmetics are designed to prevent the harmful effects of UV radiation on the skin. Sunscreens come with SPF filters against the harmful effects of UVB rays and with IPD and PPD protection against UVA rays. Unfortunately, many products protect against one type of rays.
Do not forget about the benefits of sunbathing: tone and immunity levels increase, and the secretion of certain hormones increases. Under the influence of rays, the permeability of skin vessels, gas exchange and oxygen consumption increase, and metabolism is normalized. The sun is important in the formation of vitamin D. It's all about moderation; you should not neglect or abuse sun tanning.

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About such a concept as ultraviolet radiation, probably everyone knows. These are the well-known UV rays that, when in contact with surfaces for a long time, do terrible things, such as fading paint or burning the skin. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the skin is unambiguous - it is irreversible aging. Moreover, aging is not in the usual sense, i.e. age-related (or chronoaging). We are talking about photoaging.

What are UVA, UVB and UVC rays and how do they affect our skin?

When studying the phenomenon of “solar activity”, scientists often use terms such as cosmic radiation, galactic and cosmic radiation. They all relate to the rays that our Sun emits and that hit our planet. A huge part of the radiation is reflected by the ozone layer and glaciers, but some still penetrates the atmosphere, reaching the surface of the earth. Fortunately for all life on the planet, this part is negligible compared to what originally came from the Sun. In addition, UV rays that penetrate the atmosphere are still retained in large quantities by oxygen, which absorbs them, turning into ozone.

What remains, what hits the ground, is an uneven flow consisting of several separate waves. First of all, ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation, so its rays have different wavelengths ranging from 10 to 400 nm. Next comes the division of the rays into 4 groups depending on the wavelength:

. the shortest rays are called extreme ultraviolet (10-121 nm), which is abbreviated EUV/XUV;

. long range - shortwave ultraviolet (120-280 nm) or UVC;

. middle range - mid-wave ultraviolet (280-315 nm) or UVB;

. near range - long-wave ultraviolet (315-400 nm) or UVA.

Extreme and short-wave ultraviolet radiation is completely absorbed by the earth's atmosphere, so people do not need protection from EUV and UVC. UVB rays are absorbed by the atmosphere by 90%, but UVA rays almost completely reach the Earth's surface. Actually, this is why modern cosmetology offers protection against two types of radiation, with the emphasis being on protection from UVA rays.

Since UVA and UVB have different radiation intensities, this means that they have different rates of destruction of what they hit. UV rays in direct contact with a surface cause it degradation, this also applies to our skin. Ultraviolet radiation has a share radiation, so it is necessary to protect yourself from it so as not to get at least sunburn. The shorter the wavelength of the rays, the more dangerous the radiation. Those few UVB rays that reach the ground have a negative effect on DNA and are responsible for cell mutation, including the growth of cancerous tumors. UVA rays are not as “toxic”, a little less dangerous, but they make up 90% of the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the surface, and they are responsible for photoaging. What makes them even more dangerous is the phenomenon of reflection from surfaces, which allows the radiation dose to be doubled. During constant and long-term exposure to UVA rays, skin atrophy, the level of collagen in the matrix is ​​reduced and cell turnover is reduced. Fortunately, photoaging can be avoided by protecting yourself from the rays with special sunscreens.

What do we know about and their effects on our skin? In order to understand this rather complex issue, let's try to find out more information about these rays. There are three types of rays: UVA, UVB and UVC.

What is the difference between UVA and UVB rays?

UVC rays

These are very short waves, and they do not reach the Earth, being filtered by the atmosphere. Therefore, we have nothing to worry about them.

- What is infrared radiation?

Skin cancer is caused by damage caused by the sun. Adequate skin protection is recommended. A dermatological examination is required: any skin changes should be reported to a doctor immediately. If you have any concerns about any symptoms, we recommend contacting your doctor or dermatologist.

Number of pages in printed magazine: 115 a 22. The incidence of skin cancer is increasing every year, and the cause is mostly widely known: overexposure to the sun. The sun creates enormous amounts of radiant energy. This radiation travels in the form of waves: the shorter the wavelength, the higher the amount of energy. Most of the solar radiation that reaches the Earth consists of non-ionizing energy. Ultraviolet rays are responsible for the majority of photochemical changes in the skin.

UVA rays

These are long wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation, 95% of which reach the Earth. They are present in our lives every day, all year round, from the moment the sun rises until it sets. Moreover, UVA rays reach us in any weather, in any climate zone. This is why, although they are weaker than UVB rays, they can cause more damage. They penetrate through clouds, windows, and their penetration into the skin is deeper. Therefore, sunscreen is necessary even indoors and in any weather. So don’t expect that even the highest quality installation of plastic windows will save you from UVA rays. The only thing you need to know is that in any case, it is best to order the installation of plastic windows only from professionals, since they are the ones who can guarantee you the high quality of the work performed and the long service life of the windows.

Latitude: greatest radiation in Ecuador. Season of the year: in summer the radiation is higher because the angle of incidence of the sun during this period is about 90º. Altitude: Radiation is more intense at higher altitudes because there is less atmosphere to absorb it. For every 300 meters of altitude, there is a 4% increase in direct radiation.

Reaction to high blood pressure

A consequence of photo-oxidation of existing melanin. Long-term tanning occurs only after 72 hours of exposure and is due to an increase in tyrosinase activity and the formation of new melanin. Ultraviolet A and B radiation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of photosensitivity diseases such as chronic dermatitis, polymorphic eruption lung, pruritus, photoallergic reactions and phototoxic reactions to drugs. Chronic exposure leads to the development of lentigines, photoepilations, actinic keratoses, basal and squamous cell carcinoma.

UVA rays really surround us constantly and destroy us just as constantly. They not only create a tan on the skin, they are one of the sources of the formation of free radicals (one of the first causes of aging). But photoaging is not the only problem associated with UVA rays. They can cause abnormal cell production, which can later cause cancer.

Physical photoprotectants. Clothing Clothing is a good photoprotection strategy. Fabric construction determines the fiber web and influences the amount of exposed fabric area when tension is applied. Fabrics are made up of fibers from various materials such as cotton, polyester, silk, nylon, etc.

- What is UVA?

The flap should be wide. Ideally, it should also have protection in the ear and back of the head. Makeup The use of foundation and correction, even without sunscreen, gives a protection factor of approximately 3 to 4, and this is due to the presence of pigments. Chronic sun exposure can also lead to cataracts and eye problems.

UVB rays

These are mid-wave ultraviolet radiation. Only 5 percent of them reach the Earth's surface. Some of them are absorbed by clouds, and the other part by the ozone layer. Therefore, as you guessed, holes in the ozone layer are so harmful, they have bad consequences not only for the environment, but also for our skin.

UVB rays are most active from 10 am to 4 pm. The only relief: they do not pass through clouds and windows. But there is bad news: these rays are more powerful than long wavelengths (UVA), and they can cause a lot of harm. This damage is immediately visible - sunburn, as well as abnormal mutations of cells and their development, and as a result, skin cancer.

Since then, new products have been developed that provide broad spectrum protection, water resistance, and fewer side effects such as allergic and irritant dermatitis. In this method, patients are exposed to high-intensity bulbs for one hour.

Photoprotection can be classified as low, medium, high or very high, according to the table. In addition to the protection factor, filters are also assessed on their merits, i.e. ability to maintain stability, efficiency and resistance to water and flow4.

Now you know why it is important to use broad-spectrum sunscreens. Unfortunately, most creams only protect against one type of ray.

• SPF filters provide protection only from UVB rays. Most sunscreens have such filters.
• IPD and PPD filters provide protection against UVA rays. Be sure to check that your product also includes UVA filters (this is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, Mexoryl, Tinosorb or Avebenzone).

And don't skimp on a good sunscreen that includes both types of protection. Have a nice holiday!

An ideal filter should also be photochemically stable, dissolve or easily disperse, and remain active in the vehicle. Factors influencing the effectiveness of sunscreens. Several factors influence the effectiveness of sunscreens, with the amount applied being one of the main factors. Due to the typically whiter appearance of physical filters, they are still used in lower quantities than organic filters, resulting in less efficiency.

Filters should be applied 20 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every two to three hours, which is not always followed, resulting in less effectiveness 23 It is important to initiate sun protection during childhood and adolescence, which studies have shown reduces the incidence of melanoma 78 %.

Hello Makeup Lovers. In this article we will talk about a topic that is relevant during the holiday season - sun protection. It seems like everyone knows and understands that sunbathing recklessly is harmful to health, that the sun's rays can provoke terrible diseases, that every time you go out into the open sun you need to use a cream with protection from ultraviolet rays, but they still treat it somehow negligently .

Due to the physiological characteristics of infants' skin, as well as absorption and incomplete development of metabolic and excretory systems, the use of sunscreen is not recommended in children under six months of age 25 years, and at this age photoprotection with clothing and shade is necessary.

Excessive solar radiation consumes these defense systems and causes acute and chronic skin changes that lead to photoreflection and the risk of skin cancer. Dietary supplements containing specific nutritional ingredients have been developed to improve skin protection.

So, let's take it in order.

What is tanning?

Tanning is a change in the pigmentation of our skin under the influence of ultraviolet rays due to the formation and accumulation of melanin pigment in the lower layers of the skin during exposure to the sun.

What beneficial effects does ultraviolet radiation have on our body?

Under the influence of ultraviolet rays, the formation of vitamin D is activated, which is necessary for the body to absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are “responsible” for strengthening muscles and bones and for healing wounds.

The big challenge is to determine effective and safe nutritional associations and dosages. A multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this combination in real-world use. Eighty-six volunteers from 15 dermatology centers were assessed three weeks before and during the summer holidays.

Great strides have been made since the introduction of sunscreens. Substances with photoprotective properties, such as antioxidants, plant extracts, probiotics, with the potential to restore antioxidant and immune defense systems, add results to the prevention of photo-induced dermatoses.

Ultraviolet rays activate most of the processes occurring in the body - breathing, metabolism, blood circulation and the activity of the endocrine system.

Why is ultraviolet radiation dangerous for us? What are UVA and UVB?

There are two ranges of ultraviolet rays that we should protect ourselves from: UVA (alpha rays) and UVB (beta rays).

Currently, recommendations for photoprotection include: They also cause late reactions due to the cumulative effects of radiation over a lifetime, causing skin aging and cellular changes that, through genetic mutations, predispose to skin cancer.

Its incidence increases significantly during the summer, especially between 10 am and 3 pm. It is the main source of cellular changes that cause susceptibility to skin cancer. However, they are able to penetrate into deeper layers. Overexposure to these rays damages the skin over time and contributes to the development of cancer.

UVB radiation leads to burns, while UVA radiation leads to damage to the DNA structure and photoaging.

Ultraviolet rays of group A:

• active regardless of the time of year;
• present everywhere, regardless of altitude or weather;
• penetrates glass, plastic and clothing. Only white clothing can reflect group A ultraviolet rays.

What is SPF?

SPF or Sun Protection Factor in English means sun protection factor.

The first is to avoid sun exposure between 10am and 3pm when the sun is strongest. In addition, when you are playing outdoor sports or spending a day at the beach, we must protect ourselves with hats, sunglasses and sunscreen.

The protectors, which form an opaque layer on the body, also act as a physical barrier to reflect sunlight. Over the years, the skin, like all other organs of the body, changes and ages. Such changes lead to loss of elasticity and shine, wrinkles and sagging. But it's not just chronological aging that causes skin changes to appear over the years. External factors such as stress, smoking and most importantly solar radiation influence and accelerate the aging of the skin, leading to a faster change in the appearance of the skin with the appearance of blemishes, roughness, wrinkles and other signs of premature aging.

There are products with different protection factors against the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. The most common factors are 15, 20, 30, 50.

The protection factor does not mean the degree to which your skin is protected from ultraviolet radiation, but the duration of protection that a product with the specified factor provides you with.

• SPF 15 provides approximately 93.5% protection from harmful ultraviolet rays;
• SPF factor 20 - by 95%;
• SPF factor 30 - by 96.7%;
• SPF 50 factor - 98% (this level of protection can only be achieved by adding chemical filters to the product with the specified protection factor).

How to choose the protection factor you need?

In our climate, we can say with almost a 100% guarantee that we all burn after 10 minutes of exposure to the sun without protection, so the formula for calculating the time of protection is very simple and understandable. See for yourself.

Photoepidemic skin exhibits loss of elasticity, wrinkles, dark or light spots, and surface changes that may become rough and scaly. Aging skin due to natural deterioration of the body has a thinner, slacker appearance with little elasticity and fine wrinkles, but no spots or changes on its surface.

Prevention and treatment

The best way to prevent photography is, again, using sunscreen. The sooner you start taking care of yourself, the better. And anyone who has reached the age of 30 should start soon, since from the age of 30 biological activity begins to decline. Luckily, today we know that we can delay the effects of time by protecting our skin from its most relentless enemy: the sun.

Protection time = SPF level * number of minutes it takes you to burn in the sun without protection

• That is, an SPF level of 15 gives us protection for 150 minutes, with a sunburn time without protection of 10 minutes;
• SPF level 30 - 300 minutes;
• SPF level 40 - 400 minutes;
• and SPF level 50 - 500 minutes.

After the specified time has passed, the protective product should be reapplied.

Aesthetic treatments have been modernized every day. Several methods are used, including peeling. Innovations in aesthetics also include sophisticated apparatus and a variety of massage techniques. Not to mention the constant launches of natural and chemical cosmetic lines.

And remember: for aesthetic skin treatment, always consult a dermatologist. Sunlight consists of electromagnetic radiation of various wavelengths, measured in non-meters. The ozone layer in the atmosphere blocks most ultraviolet C radiation before it reaches the Earth's surface. As the ozone layer decreases, the ultraviolet rays produced by the Sun are not sufficiently blocked by the atmosphere and reach us with greater intensity.

However, despite the fact that SPF 50 in our example provides sun protection for more than 8 hours, it is recommended to reapply the product every 2-3 hours during continuous sun exposure.

And finally, I would like to talk a little about products that provide protection from ultraviolet rays.

Nowadays there are a huge number of products on sale from various cosmetic brands from mass market to luxury brands. Some products have similar compositions, while others promise innovative ingredients. Some products are completely mineral, some smell like strawberries and feel like whipped cream on the skin due to the chemical elements they contain.

Thus, due to reflection, water increases the radiation intensity by 5%, sand and concrete by 17%, and metal surfaces and snow by 85%. This explains why we burn more at the beach than in the pool at home. For every 300 meters in altitude, there is a 4% increase in the amount of radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Of course, the degree of skin pigmentation directly affects the effect that solar radiation has on a person, since only 5% of ultraviolet radiation is reflected by our skin.

The rest is absorbed, dispersed and transmitted. Ultraviolet radiation induces photoproduction and appears to be associated with the development of malignant melanoma. Other sources of ultraviolet radiation include fluorescent lamps, tungsten lamps and tanning chambers and dermatological products. The sun is the main source of energy that allows the existence of life on Earth. We depend on solar radiation for our own metabolism and food. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

However, there is one natural mineral (not chemical or organic), the presence of which in cosmetic products with a sun protection factor is highly desirable - titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide particles reflect alpha and beta rays (UVA and UVB radiation) like a mirror. In the Russian Federation, this mineral is used, among other things, for coloring food products. Look for this mineral in sun protection products. However, remember that the composition of the product is always listed in descending order. That is, if titanium dioxide is listed at the end of the list, its amount in the product is insignificant.

Radiation is important for bone calcification, for the prevention of osteoporosis and rickets. Visible light influences the circadian cycle by causing the release of hormones from the adrenal glands, such as melatonin and endogenous cortisol. Sunlight deprivation can cause a type of winter depression called Seasonal Affective Disorder, which is very common in long winter climes.

We must always be attentive to the sun, which affects our skin, especially in summer, and enjoy nature without spoiling our health. Don't make the sun your enemy because it is known to be good for our body. The danger is excess sun exposure, which causes immediate damage to the skin, some permanent damage and serious damage such as skin cancer. Preventing excess sun exposure should begin in childhood and adolescence, when the skin is more sensitive to solar radiation because it is younger and thinner.

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