How to choose a profession: tips and recommendations for schoolchildren and adults. Designing a situation for choosing a profession What professions will be in demand in the future

Good afternoon friends! Today we’ll talk about how to choose a profession – for the first time or again. We will discuss the main factors influencing self-determination, consider some career-oriented techniques and, as always, help with good advice.

• personal comfort,
• self-development vector,
• material well-being,
• environment.

Reasons for choosing a particular profession

It only seems that professional determination is influenced solely by interests. Why does a person choose this or that profession? In fact, there are many factors to choose from:

• Prestige, fashion

In the 60s everyone wanted to be astronauts, in the 90s everyone wanted to be lawyers and economists. Now on the pedestal are IT specialists, top managers, and senior officials. But you shouldn’t be guided only by these criteria: fashion changes, prestige fades, and perhaps this will happen before you graduate from college.

• Financial well-being

The most paid professions include ocean liner captain, pilot, top manager, IT specialist, marketer, etc. When choosing a “gold mine”, keep in mind that the profession itself will not bring a lot of money. To have a high salary, you need to be a good specialist, and this requires additional knowledge and experience.

• Advice from friends and acquaintances

Sometimes young people choose a path in life “for the company.” Best friend after 11th grade he goes to become a veterinarian - what’s not a reason to follow him? It's more interesting together. Sometimes it works, but generally such a rash act leads to professional disappointment.

• Parents' opinion

It would seem, who knows their child better than mom and dad? Nevertheless, a large number of great writers emerged after refusing to follow their father’s path and secretly entering a literary institute. Often, parents in their advice do not base their advice on the abilities of their son or daughter, but on considerations of prestige or their own unfulfilled desires.

Undoubtedly, their opinion is worth listening to, but each advice must be assessed soberly. When in doubt, listen to the opinions of other adults you respect, such as a teacher. Outsiders are free from worry about your fate and unnecessary vanity, so they will give more balanced advice.

• Own wish

You need to listen to the voice of intuition. The difficulty is that it is not always distinguishable from a momentary whim. You can trust a time-tested dream, but if it caught fire only recently, live with it for a while and take a closer look.

What to do if you have no ideas?

Not all high school students have decided on their future profession by the time they enter university. What to do if your soul doesn’t belong to anything?

1. Understand yourself, evaluate your abilities. Try to think analytically about what you could do.
2. Come up with several options and study them thoroughly. Perhaps they will all fall away as unusable, and something worthwhile will come in return.
3. If you can’t make a choice at all, but are about to start studying, you have several options: a) go where your parents say or where your friends invite you, b) choose something simpler and closer to home, c) wait a year and figure it out to yourself (and, of course, to work).
4. Try all possible activities on yourself. Waiter, courier, manager - everything that is possible. You will better know your strengths and weak sides, strengthen your character, make new acquaintances and make a choice.

There are no guarantees that you won't make a mistake. But main mistake- this is inaction. Whatever profession you prefer, this is your path, and it will definitely benefit you.

Is it possible to choose a business you like for the rest of your life?

According to surveys, almost 60% of Russians work outside their specialty. A third of respondents are reluctant to work. Another 16% change jobs annually. Is it possible to choose a business you like for the rest of your life? Yes, sometimes there are lucky people who guessed their destiny from childhood.

As a rule, they show their hobbies immediately and remain interested in them for a long time. Therefore, if your child has been treating stray kittens for several years in a row, most likely he has already made a choice.

Little Lyuba played teacher from an early age. Already as a teenager, she regularly explained difficult problems to her classmates, for which she came to school long before the start of classes. And this without any instructions from the teacher! The most amazing thing is that my underachieving friends were in a hurry to get to school at first light in order to strengthen their knowledge in mathematics.

To enroll, Lyubov went, of course, to a pedagogical institute. Having finished, I began teaching. There was a time when Lyuba almost went to work at a factory, but fate returned her to the right path.

Lyubov Ivanovna was a favorite teacher for several generations. Over 25 years of experience, she has accumulated many awards. And now, at the age of 82, she continues to explain difficult problems, but as a tutor.

Choosing the right profession is difficult even for those who have a favorite school subject. Let's say a teenager loves biology, and it opens up a wide range of choices: veterinarian, agronomist, biologist, teacher, etc. Therefore, judging professional inclination by school preferences is not entirely correct.

When you stand at a crossroads, it seems that there are many roads in front of you. But, studying the map, you realize that one of them is closed to traffic, the second exists only virtually, the third is too broken up by passers-by, the fourth is overgrown with bushes, and only a couple of the rest have asphalt laid. No one claims that you need to walk exclusively on asphalt. The prince broke through the thickets to wake up the sleeping beauty. Decide what is closer to you: what is easier or what is more tempting.

It’s the same in life: you start to analyze all the options and come to the conclusion that you don’t like one specialty, the second doesn’t suit your personal qualities, you can’t afford to master a third, and you simply don’t have the ability to master a fourth. There are a few left, it’s easier to choose from them.

A competent approach to your own future means that you need to take into account not only fashion and your own aspirations. In addition, it is worth assessing:

• capabilities,
• personal qualities,
• possible prospects.

Let's say you dream of becoming a professional hockey player and already don't miss a single game, but your coach says you're not strong enough. It is worth listening to his opinion and choosing a related profession related to sports. But you can be stubborn and go towards your dream, because it can work miracles.

Or you want to become a design engineer, your technical and creative thinking is excellent, but, for example, you lack perseverance. Think carefully about whether you can sit in front of a computer for 8 hours, 5 days a week, or whether you will want to escape after a month.

The prospects for a particular profession are difficult to assess (it would seem that grooms and stove makers have been forgotten, and now these people are worth their weight in gold), but you can always read forecasts, attend various seminars and job fairs.

What professions will be in demand in the future?

Thus, experts from Skolkovo promise that very soon completely new professions will appear, such as space tourism manager and virtual world designer. Analysts say that IT specialists, managers and other managers, and builders will not lose their relevance in the near future.

It is clear that teachers and doctors will always be needed. Girls will not be left without work in teaching (school, kindergarten, additional education), in the field of hospitality and beauty.

With increasing globalization, tourism will develop, which means that travel lovers will find employment. People providing various personal services (for example,) and working in the Internet sector will be in demand. The remaining forecasts (about the replacement of engineers, controllers and loaders with robots) are probabilistic in nature.

In any case, if you feel that you have a calling for something, do not shy away from it. Good specialists are always valued.

Tests to help

Today, many methods and tests have been developed to help you choose a profession.

Socionics is the concept of personality types according to the following parameters: extraversion/introversion, logic/intuition, logic/ethics, rationality/irrationality. The combination of these characteristics gives 16 psychotypes, each of which is recommended for a number of professions. For example, I got a picture like this. Quite an accurate portrait.

Officially, not everyone recognizes socionics as a science, but testing gives interesting results.

Holland Questionnaire

Dividing people into types (realistic, intellectual, social, artistic, enterprising, conventional) is a bit like the previous test. The Holland Questionnaire allows you to understand personal qualities, evaluate communication skills and get some rough recommendations.

Klimov's technique

We owe to Academician E. A. Klimov the tests that at one time filled all employment centers. After answering 20 test questions, the subject receives the type of profession that suits him - these are the same “man - man”, “man - nature”, “man - technology”, “man - sign system” and “man - artistic image”. IN Lately To this classification the group “person – self-realization” is added (we are talking, for example, about athletes).

Using this method, you can determine the approximate area of ​​application of talent, but it is worth considering that since its creation, the list and content of professions have changed.

Career choice matrix

The advantage of this technique is a small number of questions and clarity of the results. Having chosen the 2 desired options, find their intersection in the table and receive professional recommendations. The disadvantage is the limited selection of advice.

How to help your child decide on a profession?

Parents tend to protect their children from mistakes, but career guidance should be their independent choice. How to properly mentor the younger generation and help a child decide on a profession?

1. Talk with your teenager more often, find out not only their inclinations, but also their prerequisites. Ask for what reasons your child prefers this or that activity - this way you will learn not only his motives, but also his level of awareness about the profession.
2. Try to deepen the teenager’s understanding of work: suggest literature, introduce him to people who are engaged in this work. TV series about doctors and investigators paint idealistic pictures, but the neighborhood police officer will tell the whole truth as it is.
3. Help me find career guidance tests, but explain that they do not fully reflect reality, but only provide some guidelines.
4. Don't insist on going to college. Firstly, sometimes a technical school or courses are enough to successfully master a specialty. Secondly, when a young man grows up, he himself will feel the need for higher education, which means he will do right choice and will treat their studies more responsibly.
5. Find out what specialties you can get in other regions. Firstly, you will learn about all the new trends, and secondly, sometimes in a neighboring region you can learn for free what you would have to pay a lot for in your city. If your son or daughter is ready to go far away for the sake of a successful future, do not hold them back: they will leave sooner or later anyway.
6. Give your teenager the opportunity to try his hand at some industry. If he wants to become a teacher, let him agree to conduct lessons with a teacher; if he dreams of the restaurant business, advise him to get a job at McDonald’s.
7. Give him a chance to make his own decision. Let the teenager break the woods, gain valuable skills and good lessons, but he will not blame you for his failed life. You can always change your occupation; it is more difficult to regain lost trust.

Changing profession after 30 years

The topic of career guidance is relevant not only for young people. For various reasons (changes in the labor market, relocation, personal circumstances), people at any age are thinking about changing jobs. One of the most popular is just over 30; it’s not for nothing that this period is considered a crisis.

What to choose if you decide to change profession at 30? It is not easy for people with a family and a decent work history to dare to take this step. We have already described cases when it is really necessary. If in doubt, analyze your life and trust the voice of your intuition.

If you decide to say goodbye to your old place, but fears are getting in the way, tell yourself the following:

1. I am not already, but still only over 30. I am young, full of strength, and I will succeed.
2. I know my needs and capabilities better than at 18.
3. Psychologists consider this age suitable for life changes, since freshness of thinking is maintained and at the same time there is sobriety of judgment and considerable experience.
4. All my skills remain with me. It will be great if they are useful to me in a new place, but if not, I can still return everything.

Changes are possible under the following scenarios:

• Occupy a sought-after niche - master a new profession.
• Develop acquired skills in a new direction - do smooth transition to new activities based on what you do best.
• Turn your passion into work - heed the call of your soul.

The first two points are chosen, as they say, by the mind, and the third – by the heart. What are the pros and cons of each?

1. The advantages of the first option are obvious: if a profession is in demand, specialists are in great demand. This is especially true for new industries. Here the salary is usually higher. But there is a risk that development will not be as successful as we would like. But until you try, you won’t know, right?
2. The second approach seems to be the most reasonable: you do not lose anything by developing in related activities, and the transition is smooth and painless. If you feel that sudden jumps are not for you, choose this path.
3. The third scenario is suitable for enthusiastic people who are bored doing things they don’t like. Positive side: I will like the profession. Negative: it is not a fact that you will be able to make income from your hobby.

Conclusion

Everyone chooses their own path. And you will always find stories of people who successfully changed their profession on our blog. Of course, its creator, Vasily Blinov, himself told readers about it.

If you associate the future with remote earnings, check out and choose an activity to your liking. And the course will help you start earning money with pleasure.

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Asabina I.I., technology teacher Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 3, Rtishchevo, Saratov region"

Explanatory note

The elective orientation course for 9th grade students of a general education school is intended for pre-vocational training. The Constitution of the Russian Federation states that everyone has the right to control their ability to work, to choose their type of activity and profession. Preparing for professional self-determination and career is an important step in everyone’s life young man. Today's ninth-graders should decide not only in choosing a field of activity, but also choose the appropriate profile of study in high school. Making a free choice of profession is not easy. The program of the elective course “Designing a situation for choosing a profession” is aimed at helping schoolchildren in choosing from several thousand professions and specialties exactly “their” field of activity. The conceptual basis of the program is a modern theoretical approach to the formation of personal and socio-psychological competence in schoolchildren, the ability to choose the field of future professional activity that optimally matches their personal characteristics and the demands of the labor market. A feature of the proposed program is the use of research and design technologies and teaching methods. The advantage of training and diagnostic forms of conducting classes is that students realize personal responsibility for their choices. The main goal of the course is to assist students in choosing a profile in high school and further professional self-determination, creating a culture of choosing a profession.

Course objectives:

Analyze the main factors in the situation of choosing a profession in order to find the best options for choosing a field of activity;

To familiarize students with methods of self-knowledge, identifying their professional interests, abilities and capabilities;

To equip students with knowledge of the basics of professional activity;

Analyze the situation on the labor market in your city, region, country;

Design an individual path of professional self-determination.

Planned results– students will gain knowledge and self-diagnosis skills to identify their interests, inclinations and abilities, as well as designing an individual path of professional self-determination;

Presentation design and research work will allow schoolchildren to form and develop design and research skills.

Program structure: The course program is designed for 10 academic hours, 1 hour per week. The first lesson is aimed at introducing the strategy for choosing a profession and analyzing its main factors. Further classes are aimed at researching and diagnosing one’s own inclinations and capabilities, as well as analyzing the labor market. The final lesson is devoted to designing an individual path of professional self-determination.

Assessment of achievements Students are tested based on the results of psychological testing and analysis of the educational product - a model of the individual path of pre-professional and specialized training. The course results are assessed by students and the teacher.

Educational and thematic plan

Topic 1. Strategy for choosing a profession

Target: Analyze the three main factors of the strategy for choosing a profession, formulate the correctness of the choice of profession.

Lesson stages:

1. Find out the role of labor in the life of society and the individual. Game "Aliens" (Appendix 1).

2. Analysis of the situation of choice, including the choice of profession. For example, analyze the situation of choosing a purchase. How should you behave when choosing a profession so as not to make a mistake? First, know the world of professions. Secondly, know yourself – your interests, inclinations, capabilities, health status. Thirdly, know the rules of choice, know how to “try on” a profession for yourself and how to get it. Psychologists call the rules for choosing a profession a strategy. The zone of optimal choice of profession is the zone of coincidence of interests and individual capabilities with the needs of society.

3. Analysis of the strategy for choosing a profession. The strategy for choosing a profession is as follows: analysis of three main factors: “I want”, “I can”, “I need”. What is “I want”? These are the desires, interests, and inclinations of a person. Interest is a focus on a subject, on its knowledge (“I want to know”). Interests can be active and passive, broad and narrow, superficial and deep. It is very important for choosing a profession cognitive interest, a feature of which is the process of cognition of the subject itself. What is “can”? These are human capabilities: abilities, health status, physical characteristics of a person, level of education. Matching a person's capabilities to his profession makes him competitive. What is “need”? This is the need of society for specialists, awareness of the social need and importance of the profession, which educational institution one must graduate from. The need of society is manifested in the demand for personnel. When thinking about your future career path, it is important to take into account your real life situation, the possibility of further employment, and think about a backup option.

4. Training – game “Optimists and Skeptics”. Students are divided into two groups: optimists and skeptics. (Optimism is an attitude imbued with cheerfulness, faith in the future, in success, a tendency to see the good, bright sides in everything. Pessimism is the opposite attitude to optimism, imbued with despondency, disbelief in a better future; a tendency to see only the bad in everything. Skepticism is critical, distrustful attitude towards something, doubt about the correctness of something). Take one profession, for example, geologist. Optimists name everything good about this profession (change of impressions, usefulness, high salary, etc.). Skeptics – everything bad (constant business trips, separation from family, etc.). It often turns out that what is good for one is bad for another. The game shows how much the choice of profession depends on a person’s personality, his interests, inclinations, and often his capabilities. At the same time, students analyze today's life situation: employment opportunities, whether there are funds for training in this profession, how this profession provides financial support.

5. Conclusion: making the right choice means choosing a job that, firstly, is accessible and feasible for you, and secondly, is needed by people and society, and can bring you satisfaction and joy. Briefly: “I want”, “I can”, “I need”. As the fabulist I.A. Krylov wrote, “Take care of what you are passionate about, if you want your business to have a successful end.” That is, you need to want what you can, but what is important to be able is what is useful for people and necessary for you.

Topic 2. The “want” factor in choosing a profession

Target: determination or clarification of students’ interests in various groups of professions, familiarization with the concepts of “motives for choice” and “personal meaning and purpose”, responsibility for their professional choice.

Lesson stages:

1. Conduct an oral survey of students on questions that will allow them to begin analyzing the first factor in choosing a professional activity: Have you tried to assess your interests and inclinations? Do you have an idea of ​​what you want to do every working day? What professions do you like?

2. Complete the task in writing: make a list of professions known to you, dividing them into four categories (the most prestigious, the most paid, the most humane and the least prestigious), and fill out the table (Appendix 2). What were you guided by when distributing professions into certain columns?

3. Form the concepts of “motives for choice”, “personal meaning and purpose”. Each person is characterized by the presence of a motivational sphere that determines his behavior throughout his life. The essence of a person is expressed by the proverb: “Tell me what you want, and I will tell you who you are.” The state of need of a person (or a living being) in certain conditions that they lack for normal existence or development is characterized by need. All living beings have needs, and this, in particular, is what distinguishes living nature from inanimate nature. Need activates the body and generates its behavior aimed at finding what is required. Plants have the least needs. A person who, in addition to organic needs, also has material, spiritual and social needs has the greatest needs. Unlike needs, only humans have motives. A motive is an object that, responding to a need, i.e. acting as a means of satisfying it, organizes and directs behavior (motive - translated from Latin - “to set in motion, push”). Motive is an urge to engage in activity related to satisfying a need. Every human action is performed for something (goal) and for some reason (motive). Most of our motives are expressed in the form of an answer to the question: why am I acting in a certain way? The purpose of life is a person’s awareness of the final results of his life. Goals can be near or far. The meaning of life is the awareness of one’s life not as a series of random, isolated events, but as an integral process that has a certain direction, continuity and meaning; awareness of what a person lives for.

4. Analyze your motives for professional choice using the classification scheme (Appendix 3). The choice of profession will be conscious only if it is deeply motivated: the person correctly assesses his inclinations and capabilities and knows the content of the activity that he has to carry out.

5. Form the concepts of “interests” and “inclinations”. Sometimes we ask: “Is this an interesting book?” or “An interesting movie?” However, these questions are meaningless, because... interest is not a property of a thing (book, film, etc.), but a property of a person. One person may find a book interesting, another so-so, and a third completely uninteresting. There are no uninteresting subjects, but there are people who are not interested in them. Needs also underlie interests. We are interested in those objects and phenomena that can satisfy a particular need. These objects and phenomena attract attention, we think about them, strive for them. Interest often forces us to act in a certain direction and acts as a motive for activity. Moreover, the same activity for different people can be motivated by different interests and can satisfy different needs. Sometimes it is mistakenly believed that interests and inclinations are one and the same thing. Interests are manifested in the desire to understand an object, to thoroughly study it in all details. Addiction is the desire to perform the appropriate activity (selective positive attitude towards the activity). Interests can be expressed by the formula “I want to know,” and inclinations can be expressed by “I want to do.”

6. Identification of sustainable interests (Appendix 4). In order to choose a profession based on interests, you need to evaluate a number of statements in the interest map about different types of occupations.

7. Reflective analysis of the lesson. Continue sentences or answer questions:

What did I get from this lesson?

Today in class I learned...

Topic 3. The “can” factor in choosing a profession

Target: familiarization with the concepts of “ability” and “professional suitability”, diagnostics of professional readiness.

Lesson stages:

1. Conduct a conversation with students on questions that will allow them to analyze the second factor in choosing a profession: Do you know about your abilities and skills? Have you tried to “fit” them into your chosen profession? Do you know what demands your chosen profession may place on you?

2. Form the concept of “ability”. Interests and aptitudes for certain activities usually develop with the development of abilities for it. For example, a student’s interest and inclination towards mathematics makes him intensively study this subject, which in turn develops mathematical abilities. Developing mathematical abilities provide certain achievements, successes in the field of mathematics, which give the student a joyful feeling of satisfaction. This feeling causes an even deeper interest in the subject, a tendency to study it even more. Abilities are individual psychological characteristics of a person that help him achieve success in any activity. Abilities can be general (intelligence, efficiency, determination, etc.) and special (pedagogical, sports, technical, mathematical, artistic, organizational, etc.). For success in activity, in addition to the presence of special abilities, interests and inclinations, a number of character traits are required, primarily hard work, organization, concentration, and perseverance. All these qualities can be determined using special psychological tests. Abilities, like other personality qualities, are not only manifested in activity, but also formed in it. Systematic studies and hard training will help in the formation of insufficiently developed abilities.

3. Health and choice of profession. The abilities, interests, inclinations, the need to take into account which we talked about, represent the psychological “I” of the individual. But when choosing a profession, one must also take into account the physical characteristics and state of health of a person. Therefore, let's look at ourselves from the point of view of medicine and correlate its requirements with our future profession. After analyzing the table of professional fitness restrictions, find out if there are any medical contraindications for you (Appendix 5).

4. Practical work. The general concept of health includes, in addition to physical health, mental, psychological and social well-being. Let's try to understand the state of our health and identify the average standard of psychophysical well-being (Appendix 6).

5. Formation of the concept of “professional suitability”. Students' answers to the question: Is a pencil suitable for writing? Oddly enough, the question is posed incorrectly. Why? Because it doesn't say what to write on?: on a rock? On glass? On metal? On the wall of the house? On a banner for a future slogan? A pencil is suitable for writing on paper. It’s already inconvenient to write on wood, but making marks for cutting is convenient. In order to write on glass, an ordinary pencil is not at all suitable. But you need to write: it is very important for a laboratory assistant or a nurse to make inscriptions and marks on glassware. Here you need a special pencil, made, for example, from a mixture of fat, wax, and paint. Maybe only pencils have such a strange property that they have no usability at all, but only “here and now” type usability? no, it’s not the pencil, but the very concept of suitability. Many signs can be said to be inherent in a certain object or person (or absent). For example, if the same pencil is round, then it will remain with this feature whether we write on paper, on glass or on wood. If it's faceted, it's the same. The same with a person. If he has Blue eyes, then he “carries this color with him.” This is not the case with the sign of fitness for activity. Of course, a person is a bearer of stable personal qualities, characteristics, including internal regulators of activity - beliefs, knowledge, interests, abilities, character. These internal regulators are found in statements, actions, and actions. By communicating with a person, you can more or less accurately determine his characteristics and personal qualities. But with signs of fitness for activity. The situation in the profession is different. There is no professional suitability at all, as a sign that a person carries with him. This sign is not inherent in a person, but in a complex “person-profession” situation. In other words, you need to figure out what specific person you are talking about every time. we're talking about and about what specific profession. Thus, professional suitability is the mutual correspondence of a person and a business. Suitability for a profession is characterized by such indicators as: 1) success in mastering the profession and 2) a person’s satisfaction with his work.

6. Testing. It should be noted that professional suitability is a formable quality, and is largely in the hands of a person. Now we can determine professional readiness (Appendix 7).

Topic 4. Requirements that a profession places on a person

Target: familiarizing students with the requirements that various groups of professions place on a person.

Lesson stages:

1. Analysis of the requirements for a person’s psychological qualities that are imposed by the chosen professions. Testing using the OPG questionnaire revealed preferences for the type of profession (according to E.A. Klimov). A description of the demands that professional activity places on the human psyche is contained in the psychogram of the profession. Analysis of psychograms of each type of profession makes it possible to evaluate your own personal qualities and correlate them with the requirements of the profession (Appendix 8).

2. Designing activities for diagnosing and correcting one’s own personal qualities necessary for the future profession. If, as a result of the analysis, it turns out that you do not sufficiently possess certain psychological qualities necessary to achieve a high level of your chosen professional activity, psychologists can offer you special exercises to correct the necessary qualities. Your task is to objectively assess your abilities and capabilities and outline a plan for their correction.

Topic 5. The “should” factor in choosing a profession

Target: analyze society’s need for specialists, as well as the opportunities provided by society for employment.

Lesson stages:

1. Conduct a conversation with students on questions that will allow them to analyze the second factor in choosing a profession: Are specialists of your chosen profession required in the present or near future in our region? Do you have any idea how and where you can study your chosen specialty? How realistic is it to find the job you want in your chosen profession?

2. Analysis of the data bank of labor vacancies of the city, region. Meeting with a representative of the city employment center.

3. Designing a personal strategy for choosing a profession.

Topic 6. Personal professional plan

Target: introduce students to possible ways obtaining professional education, designing an individual plan for professional self-determination.

Lesson stages:

1. Conversation with students on the questions: Have you ever thought about what you want to become? Have you talked to anyone about this? How did you find out about your chosen profession? What do you know about her? Do you know where you can learn this profession? How do you prepare for choosing a profession? Do you have a backup option for a profession in case there are insurmountable obstacles to obtaining your main profession?

2. Drawing up a personal professional plan. Many young people, upon graduating from school, try to find their path in life, but not everyone manages to achieve the desired success. One of the reasons is that personal professional and life plans are not always well thought out, drawn up without taking into account one’s abilities and possible obstacles. A personal professional plan is the main navigator’s map, the most important regulator of the professional path. Analysis of the situation of choosing a profession (“I can”, “I want”, “I must”) made it possible to correlate one’s own capabilities with the requirements of the chosen profession. Now you can design your own situation for choosing a profession, draw up a personal professional plan. As you outline an action plan to implement this plan, do not forget that by the end school year you have to choose a study profile that suits your plan. An approximate scheme for drawing up a personal professional plan was developed by psychologists (Appendix 9).

3. Defense of the project on professional self-determination. Defense of the project includes justification (relevance, need, problem, objectives, hypothesis), results of the research, achieved results and conclusions, ways of professional self-determination.

Literature used in preparing the program

2. Elective courses of psychological and pedagogical support. Under general ed. Gubanova E.V. / Under scientific ed. Mikhailina M.Yu. / Ministry of Education of the Saratov Region. – GOU DPO “SarIPKiPRO” - Saratov: LLC publishing house “Scientific Book”, 2006. – 204 p.

Literature for teachers

1. Didactic material for the course “Your professional career.” Book for teachers. Ed. S.N.Chistyakova. – M.: Education, 1998. – 112 p.

2. Fundamentals of professional culture. Ed. V.D. Simonenko. – Bryansk: Publishing house of Bryansk State Pedagogical University, 1997. – 307 p.

3. Rogov E.I. Handbook for a practical psychologist: Textbook. Benefit. – M.: Humanite. ed. VLADOS center, 2004. – 384 p.

4. Man – labor – profession. Methodological materials for the course for teachers of secondary schools in the Ulyanovsk region. Under the general editorship of M.A. Bolshakova. – Ulyanovsk: Ulyanovsk Regional Center for Career Guidance, 1992. – 210 p.

Literature for students

1. Proshchitskaya E.N. Choose a profession: tutorial for high school high school. M.: Education, 1991. – 144 p.

2. Technology of professional success: Experimental textbook for grades 10-11 in the natural sciences. Ed. S.N.Chistyakova. – M.: Education, 2001. – 144 p.

3. Technology: Textbook for 9th grade students of secondary schools. Ed. V.D. Simonenko. – M.: Ventana-Graff, 2002. – 288 p.

Every person sooner or later faces questions: choosing an education, what specialties are in demand, where to get an education? Before you begin a detailed study of this topic, you need to decide for sure whether it is worth going to college at all? Anyone interested in a successful and promising future will give a positive answer.

In the learning process, people acquire new skills, knowledge and abilities. In addition, you can get another important benefit from studying – communication. New acquaintances, connections - all this will definitely come in handy in adult life. People often say the phrase: “find something you love, and you will never have to work a single day in your life.” This saying perfectly conveys the importance of choosing a future profession.

Types of specialties

When choosing a profession, you need to pay attention to 2 main nuances - personal qualities and professional suitability. Just the desire to work in a certain field of work is not enough. It is important to have a certain potential. Before making a specific choice, you should understand what specialties there are.

1. Technical.
   The technical direction of employment is associated with the use of knowledge gained in the course of studying the exact sciences - mathematics, chemistry, physics, computer science. Professions of this kind are characterized by constant development. This is due to the regular emergence of new technologies. In this case, various graphs, calculations and diagrams serve as the instrumental base.
2. Pedagogical.
   Specialties of this type involve constant contact with people, in most cases these are children. Teachers, university professors, nannies, tutors, educators - all these professions require pedagogical education.
3. Linguistic.
   Sometimes professions of this type are compared to creative ones. This is due to the fact that often people who are inclined to creativity prefer to choose this type of specialty. Journalists, writers, copywriters, philologists, editors - their list is quite long.
4. Economic.
   As is the case with technical specialties, economic ones require accuracy and certainty. It should be noted that economics involves more than just calculations and calculations. In addition, this industry involves the development of appropriate forecasts and analyses.
5. Military.
   Representatives of military specialties do not work, but are engaged in public service. In order to achieve significant achievements in this area in the future, it is recommended to begin education in childhood. For this purpose, special cadet classes have been created in some schools. In large cities there are gymnasiums in which children are taught military affairs even before entering a university.
6. Medical.
   Medicine is one of the most responsible areas labor activity. It must be precise and specific. Specialists working in this field must have knowledge of chemistry and biology. Some professions require knowledge of physics and engineering technologies.
7. Creative.
   A predisposition to such specialties should be present from childhood. Musicians, artists, actors are just a small part of the professions included in this group.
8. Legal.
   The first thing that specialties of this type are associated with is justice. Both individuals and legal entities turn to lawyers, advocates and notaries for help. The scale of this activity has virtually no restrictions.

The listed groups of specialties are considered basic. In addition to them, there are many other industries - livestock, agriculture, transport. A significant number of professions involve constant interaction with people - managers, consultants, salespeople.

The most popular specialties

When choosing a profession, the question often arises - What specialties are in demand in Russia? This topic can be considered one of the important ones, because when receiving an education, the areas of which are not popular, it becomes very difficult to find a job.

The job market is characterized by instability and changeability. A profession that is currently at the peak of popularity may become completely irrelevant in a few years. Therefore, the choice of education must be approached with special attention.

This year, the following specialties are considered the most in demand in Russia:

● school teachers and teachers of secondary educational institutions. Despite the fact that the Government of the country is trying to improve working conditions and funding for these professions, there are quite few applicants for vacancies;

● medical specialists. Here we see a situation similar to the previous one. The most in-demand professions in this case are considered to be nurses, paramedics and orderlies;

● engineers. There is a critical shortage of specialists in this field of activity on the labor market. Their work is very valuable, because without a powerful engineering corps, the development of the country becomes impossible;

● IT technology specialists. The shortage of personnel in this case is considered catastrophic. This is mainly due to the fact that not everyone has a predisposition to this profession. The lack of personnel leads to a decrease in the speed of development of IT technologies. This is the reason for the fact that training in this area is carried out according to outdated programs;

● psychologists. The demand for these specialists came to Russia from the West. Psychologists who deal with family problems are especially popular;

● marketers. In any market at any given time you can find an infinite number of products. For their successful promotion and implementation, it is necessary to conduct appropriate research and analysis. The shortage of specialists in this industry is due to the fact that educational institutions began teaching such professions only recently, so the labor market has not yet been saturated with such employees;

● ecologists. In this case, the reason for the shortage and demand is the same as in the previous situation.

Main criteria for choosing a specialty

A competent choice of profession is the key to a successful future. When thinking about this topic, it is important to note that there are a few things:

1. talent;
2. ability;
3. inclination.

An important, but not the main characteristic of a specialty is its level of pay. If the work does not bring pleasure, hardly anyone will think about its financial side.

Which specialty is better to choose? It is recommended to focus more on personal interests. For example, a person who loves animals should pay attention to such professions as veterinarian, zoologist, dog handler. At the same time, it is necessary to assess the prospects for further growth and development. It is important to analyze such nuances as opening a private veterinary clinic in the future. The situation is the same with other professions.

Final choice of specialty

Before making a final decision on which specialty to pursue, you should pay attention to some recommendations.

1. Main landmark – own wish. You shouldn’t listen too much to the opinions of others. The profession must be chosen independently.

2. The relationship between desire and ability. There are many special tests that will help determine which specialty is the most in the best possible way suits a specific person. If you have serious difficulties in choosing, you can use their help.

3. Search for an educational institution. When choosing a profession, it is important to find a university where you can get the necessary education.

4. Real analysis of the job market. The best option for a specialty is one that will not only appeal to you, but will also be in demand.

5. Profitability is not the main selection criterion. It is important to pay attention to the possibility of development and obtaining other perspectives.

The choice of education is a key moment in the life of every person. This issue must be approached with special attention. Making a smart decision is a guarantee of a successful future.

Many, one might even say all, people sooner or later ask themselves the questions “Who should I be?”, “Where to study?”, “How to choose a profession?”. Indeed, it is very difficult for a high school graduate to answer these and other similar questions on his own if his parents or school did not help him decide in advance on his desires and preferred field of activity. Despite the fact that there is a huge amount of materials on career guidance and professional self-determination on the Internet and print media, they are all chaotically scattered and it is necessary to carry out independent painstaking work to form a complete picture. This is how people suffer in trying to find the ideal job, so that they can enjoy the work process and get paid at a decent level. To avoid annoying mistakes when searching for a suitable profession, we recommend that you read the article Typical mistakes in choosing a profession.

In this material we will talk in detail about the difficult process of choosing a profession, different approaches and directions, consider different classifications of professions and outline simple steps that will help you choose the right profession.

Formula for choosing a profession “I want - I can - I need”

Surely you have already come across the well-known formula for choosing a profession “I want - I can - I need”, but do you know what exactly is hidden behind each of these words?

WANT

You need to clearly know your interests, desires and goals. None of the points of the formula can be neglected, but especially this one, since the right motivation and interest are the basis of all future life as a professional in one’s field. Work should bring pleasure and no outside motivation in the form wages or a social package will not be able to change the simple fact that you will have to go to work like hard labor and every day look forward to when Friday will finally come. It is clear that with such an attitude it is unlikely that it will be possible to achieve significant heights in one’s career or will cost physical and emotional costs incommensurate with the reward.

We don’t argue, this is a very difficult question to solve on your own, but a lot depends on it, so it’s worth pushing yourself and making every effort. A variety of career guidance tests, which are available both online and in printed form, can help with this. Alternatively, similar psychological tests for children and adults can be taken for free on this website in the appropriate section, or simply continue reading the article, asking yourself a couple of questions, and the matrix for choosing a profession by G.V. Rezapkina will help you decide on your specialty.

Question #1: What or who would you like to work with?

Possible answers include:

1. Human– work associated with interaction with other people, such as: pupils, students, customers, clients, patients, spectators, etc.

2. Information– search, processing, study, structuring and application of various information and languages: text, formulas, programming languages, foreign languages, diagrams, drawings.

3. Finance– work in the field of finance, investing, lending. Usually associated with such concepts as: money, loans, shares, limits, funds, collection, accounting.

4. Technique– interaction with technology or various structures. Management, construction, development, etc. The activities include: machines, mechanisms, buildings, instruments, machines.

5. Art– creative professions involved in theater, literature, music, ballet, painting, cinema.

6. Animals and plants– work with animals of any kind (service, wild, domestic, commercial) and plants (ornamental, wild, agricultural)

7. Products and Products– production of all types of finished products: metal products, fabric, wood, stone, household items, medicines and many others.

8. Natural resources– search, development, protection, exploitation and extraction of all types of natural resources, such as minerals, forests, rivers, reservoirs, mountains, lands, deposits.

Question No. 2: How do you want to work?

1. Control– managing the activities of other people, making responsible and independent decisions, achieving the fulfillment of assigned tasks.

2. Service– meeting the needs of other people in a variety of areas. Sales, repairs, treatment, development, etc.

3. Training and education- classes educational activities, formation and development of personality, training.

4. Production and extraction– exploitation of resources and production of final products. A large selection of areas, ranging from machine operators and geologists to programmers and designers.

5. Construction– design and creation of new or rethinking for the better old objects and parts.

6. Study– various types of scientific and applied research various types and directions.

7. Protection– protection from hostile actions (physical, legal), treatment of diseases of people and animals.

8. Control and evaluation– checking and monitoring the activities of other professions of any kind.

By honestly answering these two questions to yourself, you can quickly identify recommended professions that may well turn out to be interesting and worthy of attention. It is enough just to find the intersection of these answers on the “Profession Selection Matrix” table.