The best exercise for memorizing words and letters. Literacy and reading tasks for preschoolers in pictures Letters for memorization

Teaching reading to preschoolers in a playful way is a fun and unusual way to conduct classes. In entertaining lessons, children do not just memorize letters and put them into syllables. They are completely immersed in the process, trying to complete as many interesting tasks as possible, and acquire the skill of reading without pressure from parents and teachers. We will tell you in our article which games to teach reading for older preschoolers to choose.

Age characteristics of preschoolers

Future first-graders aged 5-7 years are interesting creatures. They are curious about everything new, they absorb information well, but this period has its own characteristics. They should be taken into account before planning the workload and drawing up a work plan for a reading lesson:

• Kindergarten children speak well and constantly expand their vocabulary.
• Attention becomes voluntary.
• Kids love to reason and delve into the essence of a matter or question.
• Self-esteem and awareness of oneself as an individual grows.
• Play remains the main form of acquiring knowledge.

The following simple recommendations from teachers and experienced parents will help you achieve success in learning to read:

1. Make classes interesting, but full of new information. If a child gets bored, then attention will quickly switch to extraneous matters, conversations, objects. But this does not mean that a preschooler only needs to be entertained. Alternate games and serious tasks every 5-7 minutes.
2. A variety of lesson forms will ensure high-quality knowledge acquisition. Don't use the same games. Little ones get bored with the same type of coloring books, puzzles, walkers, so make a rich library of games.
3. It is better to exercise every day for 15 minutes than 2 times a week for an hour. Short daily lessons are more effective than lengthy learning sessions every now and then. Learning to read requires regular practice.
4. Don't put pressure on children. Swearing, screaming, explanations bordering on hysteria and misunderstanding of the reasons for mistakes and difficulties in assimilating information lead to rejection. The child will hate school and books even before he gets to know them thoroughly.
5. Take breaks for exercise. Switching attention is necessary to relax the brain and eyes.
6. Use different forms of presenting something new. Presentations, interactive games, online testers.
7. Play in class not for fun, but for the sake of an accessible form of presenting information. The choice of tasks should be approached taking into account the children’s progress in reading, the speed of grasping new things, and the level of general development.

Game-based learning: pros and cons

Teaching a child to read at the age of 5-6, built in a playful way, has a lot of positive aspects. The effectiveness of the lessons can be explained by the age characteristics of older preschool children and the increased level of curiosity for everything new and bright.

Advantages of the method:

• The child does not get tired or lose interest in the process of receiving new information.
• Each lesson can be built according to an individual plan, choosing diverse tasks from a rich card index.
• The preschooler is directly involved in the creation of handouts and demonstration materials for the lesson. For example, draws letters, sculpts or cuts out of paper for applique.
• Reading is not brought to the forefront of the lesson. Letters, syllables, and words are learned gradually by the child.
• During game lessons, a child develops intellectually, creatively, and psychologically.
• The children's team unites.
• If the lesson is taught in a group, you can focus on the competitive aspect of the games. Children have a desire to do well, read and learn better than others.

Disadvantages of the method:

• The teacher may have problems with discipline. Excited children often play around and do not listen to the instructions of the teacher or parent.
• Games and puzzles take up a lot of time.
• The transition to traditional methods of presenting information necessary for learning to read is difficult for preschoolers to perceive; it takes time to switch attention.

This is interesting! In America and Israel, the game moment is necessarily included in every lesson with kindergarteners and primary schoolchildren. Teachers even take a special exam for the “ability” to teach while playing.

Before starting a reading course, draw up a rough work plan, a program for 6 months or a year:

1. Start by learning and memorizing letters. Use Zaitsev's cube technique as an assistant.
2. Automate their search and naming. Make crafts from plasticine, decorate letter symbols, choose words that have the same sound.
3. Gradually combine sounds into syllables, invite your child to compose simple words on their own, look for them in pictures, and write. Play, search for letters, associations. This helps the sounds blend together.
4. Read the words separately and in small sentences. At this stage, use tasks that involve finding names for pictures, solving puzzles, and crosswords.
5. Try reading short texts. At the initial stage, select stories from the card index to read with your mother together, with pictures instead of words. Make the task more difficult gradually. Take Zhukova's ABC book to help.

Important! At 5-6 years old, do not demand reading speed from your child. The main task of teaching in the preschool period is skill automation. Tempo and technique will come on your own or with the help of special lessons later.

Games

There are many interesting games for teaching reading to children 6-7 years old. We have collected the most exciting ones, those that preschoolers are sure to enjoy. Download the assignments from the website, print them on your home printer and study.

Learning letters

The preschooler's task: find pictures with a specific letter.

You need to select the images correctly: simple, understandable and familiar to the kindergartener.

You can start with these:

Kids can play individually or in pairs. In lesson 2-3, after learning a few letters, you can organize a competition.

Read by first letter

The game is unusual, but very effective for developing the speed of thinking and reading in the future. The child needs to remember the name of the objects, highlight the first letter in the word and pronounce only it, placing a card with the letter on the picture.

For example, take the first line on the form. Fox - Christmas tree - Sun. The preschooler should get a FOREST.

For variety, print out pictures for each pair of students rather than per class. Gradually make the game more difficult. Give children words of 4-5 letters.

Find the letter

The child is offered educational cards where the letters are mixed and printed in different fonts and formats. The preschooler's task is to find the desired sign and circle it with a pencil.

As an additional exercise: you can come up with a couple more words for a given letter, find objects in the room whose names begin with them. Use these fun cards for your lesson.

Collect words from letters

Purpose of the game: put the letters in the right order, sign the picture.
The child names the correct word, then listens to himself and selects letters to write in the boxes.

You need to create handouts together with the children. You will need pictures of animals, a couple of sheets of blank paper, and pencils. There is a “surprise” hidden under every syllable.

During the game, the child focuses on associations with animal sounds, learns letters and syllable reading. The game is suitable for children from 4 years old.

Board games

These can be walkers, lotto, homemade cards for folding in a certain order. It is the tabletop adventures that children perceive best. The game is fun, to complete the steps you need to be able to read syllables or learn letters in the process.

Print out the following walkers for the lesson:

To determine the sequence of moves and the number of steps, children will need dice and knowledge of counting. Adults will have to help the kids a little so that they don’t get confused and play according to the rules.

Let's read together

An exciting game that will appeal to adults and children. There is text printed on the sheet, some words are encrypted with pictures. When reading, you need to insert them in words so that the thread of the story is not lost. While playing, the baby develops attention, reading skills, and vocabulary.

Tasks

Coloring books, puzzles, puzzles, and creative workshops increase a preschooler’s interest in the learning process and help create an atmosphere of friendship and understanding. Reading learning tasks have one important feature - they are multifunctional. Kids not only learn to read, but also develop motor skills, imagination, fantasy, thinking, and speech. It is simply impossible to do without interesting ideas for exercises and games for teaching reading to preschool children.

Find the letters and color them

Choose themed coloring pages. They may contain additional tasks, for example, color only those objects that begin with the letter “B”, color small images of letters, do not touch capital letters, etc.

Find the letters in the picture

There comes a time in every child’s life when it’s time to learn about letters. It doesn’t matter at what age this happens - at 3 years or at 7 years. Children better remember the material that is interesting to them and assimilate the knowledge that is associated with various actions. What a little person touched, smelled or tasted will be remembered quickly and for a long time. Using a variety of tasks for preschoolers, adults can help children learn the visual image of the letters of the Russian alphabet.

You can analyze the various methods using the example of the letter N. In order for the skill to be learned faster, you need to use the child’s different senses.

Using the visual channel

Memorizing the letter N occurs primarily through vision. Exercises will help the baby assimilate the image using a visual analyzer.

First, the adult must show the child the letter N in the alphabet with a picture drawn next to it, symbolizing a word that begins with a hard sound [n] - for example, “rhinoceros.” They show the baby a picture and ask him to name who is depicted in it. Then the adult says: “Rhinoceros - en.” The baby will associate the picture of a rhinoceros with this sound. When after some time the adult shows the symbol, the child will first remember what is shown in the picture, and only then will he remember the name of the letter.

Along with this exercise, you can learn the poem by Lydia Grzhibovskaya:

The rhinoceros shouts to his friends:

“I brought you the letter en!

You need to know the letter en

To celebrate the New Year!”

These poetic lines will help a little person associate the image of a rhinoceros with the image of the letter H and remember its correct name.

After the letter has been mastered in this form, you need to show it in the alphabet without pictures or in a magnetic alphabet. The child will remember the symbol without relying on the visual image of a rhinoceros.

There are many more ways to remember:

• Create a symbol from counting sticks, small pieces of ribbon or pencils. This exercise uses not only tactile receptors, but also the baby’s imagination.
• Lay out the correct letter from pebbles while walking.
• Bend the wire to form the correct letter.
• Draw a letter on a piece of colored paper and cut it out. Then the adult needs to cut the symbol in the middle (vertically or horizontally) and ask the baby to fold it again.
• Find the symbol in the signs on the street - “SHOP”, “BANK” and others. When the child completes the task flawlessly, you can ask him in which part of the word (beginning, middle, end) the letter is located.
• Find and circle the letter in the text of a magazine, newspaper, old book, advertisement. The only condition is that the font must be large.

Using tactile exercises

The child’s tactile sensations also need to be connected when learning the letter n. After all, these exercises activate the brain of a small person.

• Draw a symbol on the baby’s palm, ask the child to say its name - “en” with his eyes closed.
• Draw an “H” with your palms parallel to each other and your thumb placed perpendicular.
• Draw a symbol on a sheet of white paper with a finger dipped in watercolor paint or gouache.
• Make a letter from plasticine or salt dough and decorate the resulting figure.
• Draw the letter H with the crumbs' finger on the cereal, scattered in a thin layer on a horizontal surface.

Using the audio channel

In parallel with the study of the visual image, it is necessary to perform exercises that help the child develop the ability to hear the hard sound [n] and soft sound [n’] in oral speech.

• An adult pronounces a series of syllables (ne, zo, ny, uk, na, nya, we, or, but, si, well, te, nu, ho, ni, ne, yes, no). If a child hears a syllable with a hard sound [n] or a soft sound [n’], then he should clap his hands or stamp his foot.
• An adult pronounces any words; if the baby hears a word with a hard sound [n] or a soft sound [n’], then he must clap his hands or stamp his foot.
• An adult reads a poem, and then asks the baby to clap his hands or stamp his foot when the baby hears a hard sound [n] or a soft sound [n’] in a word. Poetic texts of Soviet classics, for example Samuel Marshak, are suitable for this exercise: “A rhinoceros butts with its horn - don’t joke with a rhinoceros", Genrikh Sapgir: "Sorry, rhinoceros,

Don't point your horn at the book.

You are reading. It's simple:

thread, scissors, thimble.”

Proper development of a child is impossible without additional classes. If mothers and fathers, grandparents want their child to quickly remember the entire alphabet, then they must do the above exercises. You can do it every day or every other day or two. Exercises should be carried out in a playful way, keeping track of time so that the child finds it interesting and comfortable. The activity should be stopped if the baby begins to get distracted.

Exciting games and interesting exercises help your child learn letters and numbers, colors and geometric shapes in an easy, relaxed manner. They allow you to approach the issue of preschooler development in a comprehensive manner, working on several topics in parallel.

Today we have prepared for you, friends, a selection of great ideas that will help you replenish your collection of educational games with letters.

Outdoor games

"Letter Classics"

Hopscotch, or classes, is a children's game known all over the world: numbered squares drawn in chalk on the asphalt, on which you must jump, following a list of rules. By the way! Use classic hopscotch :) to repeat numbers with your child and practice counting.

What if instead of numbers you write letters in squares? We will get an excellent outdoor game for learning letters and teaching a child to read.

There are many options for letter grids:

• tables of various sizes with letters in a cell;
• the order of squares traditional for the classics;
• letters in a circle, in the center of which the players stand.

Adapt the rules of the letter classics to the age and level of knowledge of the child:

• you name a letter, and the child must stand (jump) into the corresponding square;
• the child throws a pebble and names the letter it lands on;
• you name a short word, and the child must one by one jump into the letters that make up this word;
• you name a word, and the child needs to occupy the cells with the letters that make up this word (by analogy with the game of Twister);
• you give the player sequential commands:
  • « Stand with your left foot on a vowel»;
  • “Jump with both feet into a voiced consonant”;
  • "Sit down on the first letter of the alphabet».

"Sniper"

By learning letters, you can develop your baby's dexterity and motor skills. There is no doubt that such games will appeal to active naughty kids, they will help them release pent-up energy and at the same time repeat the letters.

There can be many options for organizing the game. Here are some ideas:

• Attach letter cards to cardboard boxes. The child needs to throw balls or balls for a dry pool, getting into the box with the named letter, like in basketball.
• Glue images of letters onto plastic bottles filled with water or sand for stability. Let the child knock down the bottle with the named letter, like in bowling.
• Make an alphabet poster out of velcro fabric (the soft side of Velcro). Attach it to a vertical surface. The child needs to hit the cell with the letter named with a ball covered with Velcro, like in darts. If making a Velcro alphabet is difficult, make a poster out of thick paper and use a damp sponge as a ball. But after just a few throws, you will need to switch to other entertainment to let the wet paper dry.

“My cheerful, ringing ball”

The ball can be thrown, caught, rolled, pushed... Many different outdoor games have already been invented and can be invented with it. And if you combine educational didactic games and outdoor games with a ball, you will get excellent conditions for comprehensive work on the physical qualities and intellectual abilities of preschool children.

Come up with conditions under which, while playing with a ball, the child will repeat the letters. For example:

• Throw the ball to each other, pronouncing the letters in alphabetical order with each throw.
• Sit on the floor with your legs spread apart. Roll the ball to each other, saying words starting with the given letter.
• Players sit in one line on a bench or chairs. A letter is chosen for each kon. The presenter calls the word and after 2 seconds throws the ball to the player. If the named word contains a letter at stake, the ball must be caught; if not, the ball must be thrown away. The player who made the mistake becomes the leader, a new round with a new letter is announced, and the game continues.

Games with cards

"Inspector"

Prepare a supply of letter cards, tape and scissors.

Let the child inspect the property in the house:

• “So what do we have here? Closet? Great, we attach the letter “SH” to it;
• the letter “B” will appear on the bathtub;
• the letters “D” will decorate all the doors in the house.

"Collect the word"

Prepare a sign like this:

You can play in different ways:

• Cut the table along the cell borders. Let the child make a sign from the resulting cards.
• You can print the table in two versions. Cut one leaf, leave the second whole. Play like lotto, covering the whole table with cut cards.
• Paste the lines of the table into a notepad on a spring. Cut the sheets along the cell boundaries. An excellent simulator for developing reading skills is ready! Turn the pages, collecting words. Add more syllables and remove the pictures, and your homemade educational game will be suitable even for primary schoolchildren.

"Get things in order"

You will need subject pictures and an organizer with letters. “STORK”, “PINEAPPLE” and “BUS” will go to the compartment with the letter “A”, and “DRUM”, “BANANA” and “BINOCULS” will take their rightful place in the cell with the letter “B”.

You can use anything as an organizer for this game:

• sweet boxes;
• disposable cups;
• trays-liners for cutlery.

Graphic exercises

Games with letters on paper perfectly develop visual attention and memory, and help teach a child to read quickly and competently.

“Copybooks, coloring pages, tracings”

Copybooks adapted for preschoolers will help the child learn letters and prepare his hand for writing. You can buy ready-made copybooks or print pictures from the Internet.

Offer your child various tasks with printed letters:

• sketch the letter with your fingers;
• shade the letter with straight or wavy lines;
• Make punctures along the outline of the letter with a toothpick.

"Games with tables"

Prepare tables like:

The complexity of the exercises should correspond to the age and preparation of the child. You can come up with a lot of tasks with similar letter tables. For example, these:

• Cross out repeating letters in each line/column;
• come up with a word for each letter in the table;
• Circle the letters representing the vowels and cross out the consonants.

"Cipher"

Solve examples. Make up a word from the answers using a table with a code:

May your parenting be happy! See you again!

When a preschool child lives in a family, he wants to quickly show the world, tell him what the alphabet is, and teach them the alphabet and numbers. But too early such activities will not bring any results, because no one has canceled the physiological characteristics of children and they must be taken into account.

For example, from the age of 2, a child consciously learns about the world through touch, taste and vision, but at this time it is almost impossible to interest him in studying, since the child’s mind does not yet understand the meaning of numbers and letters.

Children most often begin to learn letters from the age of 4, because he already begins to analyze his actions and little by little understand why he needs to learn. Moreover, this will take little time - 10-15 minutes a day.

At 6–7, children’s memory, thinking and perception improve, so they are probably ready to play school. So if your baby has not shown any interest in learning before, now is the time to teach him new activities.

Maria Monsessori is a famous Spanish teacher who founded her own school for children and proposed one of the most famous methods that will help your child learn the alphabet through games. It consists of 4 parts and is designed for children of any age from 3 to 6 or even 7 years.

Drawing in the sand - developing speech

Before a child can write letters correctly and quickly, he needs to develop his hand muscles and strengthen his fingers, which will soon have to hold a pen quite often. So the first Montessori game is finger drawing in the sand. If you don’t have the opportunity to go to the beach, then just pour a little semolina onto a baking sheet on which the lesson will take place. Start drawing something simple, for example, a smiling emoticon, a sun or a Christmas tree, and let your baby repeat everything after you. When you move on to more complex drawings, work with your child together: he drew the head, you drew the body, and so on.

"Rough letters"

The next exercise that will help you learn the alphabet by playing is called “Rough Letters,” which involves the presence of special letters. You can buy them in an online store or watch an instructional video that tells you how to make them for children yourself.

Next, we show the child one letter and tell him how to pronounce it, then let the child repeat the sound he heard after you. At the end, we definitely give the opportunity to touch the card with the letter, while pronouncing its sound and show an object that begins with the learned letter.

You need to work through three letters at a time and repeat what you have already learned at the beginning of each lesson. If the child has forgotten something from the previous material, then feel free to add the forgotten “comrade” to the new three from the alphabet.

All other educational ways to teach letters for kids can be read in Marie-Hélène Place’s book “Learning Letters Using the Montessori Method.”

Methods and exercises for children from 4 to 6 years old

Mosaic letters

As mentioned above, 4 years is the best period for learning and memorizing. At this time, you can already use a mosaic, from which the child will have to put together the letter named by the parent. In mosaic, it is easier to teach how to write letters with horizontal lines, but to complicate the task, ask to make a letter of a certain color, small or large.

"ABC from plasticine"

The next version of the game with a child already 5 and 6 years old is “ABC from plasticine”. Draw the outline of the letters on the modeling board with a pencil and ask your child to sculpt a specific letter from plasticine. When you learn them well, you can complicate the task by completing the task quickly. “ABC” is good for playing with a child because it helps to quickly memorize the alphabet and develop finger motor skills.

There are many more techniques that are suitable for small children. For some of them, you need to make “inventory” with your own hands, which videos from the Internet will undoubtedly help you with.

Educational computer games for learning numbers

Children are very attracted to technology, including computers. And there is nothing wrong with girls and boys, starting from the age of 4, learning and memorizing numbers by playing on a laptop. After all, there are videos, techniques, educational toys online that can correctly teach you to remember numbers. For example, an online program where a child must color a certain number in the color he likes, and the more often he colors it, the faster he will remember it.

If your child is already 5-6 years old, then more complex simulators are chosen, such as “Find a pair - addition”, “Find a pair - subtraction” and with their help they study calculation and addition. These toys are made in the form of closed squares, which the player opens, remembers what is written there (for example, 7+3=) and looks for the correct answer to it.

If you don’t touch the computer, simple exercises will help you remember the numbers. For example, while walking down the street, ask your child to remember the license plate of a car parked in the yard or find a specific number in it. Funny poems, songs and counting rhymes that are easy to remember and tell about something interesting are good for memorization from a very young age.

As you can see, there are a lot of ways to teach a child to pronounce letters and memorize numbers: methods of popular teachers and psychologists (in addition to the work of Montessori, the methods of Zaitsev and Polyakov are common), educational videos, educational toys and exercises.

The methods cope with their task provided that the educational process is carried out correctly - they do not force the child to study in a bad mood, do not raise their voice, do not demand too much and are proud of even minimal achievements. And most importantly, the chosen method must correspond to the age and abilities of the baby.

If you see that a preschooler is interested in learning, wants to constantly learn something new and quickly figure out what is written on store signs, then the ABC will be an ideal first book that the child will be interested in studying.

Summary: What is a letter? Letters and sounds. Vowels and consonants. Several games for remembering the spelling of letters. Games for identifying sounds in words. The game is to come up with a word starting with a given letter. We learn to distinguish letters that are similar in spelling. A game for identifying letters by sound. Online games with letters.

Before you start playing with your child, let's figure out what a letter is. A letter is a combination of graphic elements (vertical, horizontal, diagonal lines, circles and semicircles); the letter represents the sound of speech (what we pronounce). Hence the two main tasks that adults face:

Teach your child to recognize and correctly name letters as combinations of different elements;

Teach the child to correlate this combination of elements with speech sounds.

There are 33 letters in the Russian language, only 31 of them represent sounds (Ъ and ь do not represent sounds). The letters and sounds of the Russian language are divided into vowels and consonants.

There are only 6 vowel sounds. These are A, O, U, E, Y, I. And there are 10 vowel letters: the above listed A, O, U, E, Y, I and 4 more “insidious” letters - I, Yu , E, E. These special letters denote two sounds at once if they are at the beginning of a word, or after another vowel letter. So, the letter I = YA (in the word YAMA or MY, for example), the letter Y = YU (in the words YULA or SKIRT), the letter E = YE (FIRE or EGOR), and the letter E = YO (YOLKA, HEDGEHOG). And after consonant sounds, these letters represent other sounds. So, I = A (in the word BALL, for example), Y = U (in the word HATCH, for example), E = E (FOREST or SUMMER), and E = O (HONEY or ICE).

Vowels following a consonant can make its pronunciation hard or soft. The hardness of the previous consonant sound is given by the letters A, O, U, Y, E. The softness of the previous consonant sound is indicated by the letters I, E, E, Yu, Y. For example, in the word LUK the sound L is hard, and in the word LYUK the sound L is soft .

Each letter has a name assigned to it in the alphabet. The names of consonant letters do not coincide with the pronunciation of the sounds they represent. For example, the letter K is called “KA” and can denote the hard sound K (in the word CAT, for example) and the soft sound K (in the word KIT, for example).

The question arises. How to teach a child to name letters: as in the alphabet or simplified - with the sounds they represent? Is it worth explaining to a child the features of Russian phonetics?

You need to understand that the basis of learning to read is not the letter, but the sound. Imagine that the child has learned the letters “correctly,” that is, as they are usually called in the alphabet (BE, VE, EN, etc.). Then, when naming letters, he will name two sounds B and E, V and E, E and N. This will make it difficult to merge sounds when reading syllables, as a result of which letter-by-letter reading will be formed. Instead of MA-MA, the child will get "eMA-eMA". Reading some polysyllabic words will become completely inaccessible to the child. Such words will not be read, but will be solved by them like puzzles. For example, the baby will read the word “postcard” as “o-te-ka-er-y-te-ka-a.” It is not surprising that the meaning of a word or sentence when reading letter by letter will very often be incomprehensible to the baby. In general, this method of learning letters complicates and lengthens the path from syllable reading to reading whole words. Thus, it becomes obvious that it is more correct for a child to name consonant letters in a simplified manner, as we call the hard consonant sound that they represent. Not “EM”, but “M”, not “PE”, but “P”, not “HA”, but “X”.

This method of teaching letters does not mean at all that the child should not know that a letter and a sound are different concepts, that a consonant letter can mean two sounds - hard and soft. But it is not for nothing that all these concepts are included in the literacy curriculum in the first grade: to master them, sufficiently mature functions of thinking are needed - analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction. But a preschool-age child masters these mental operations only at an elementary level. The time will come and your baby will acquire knowledge of the phonetics of the language and learn the names of letters in the alphabet. In the meantime, he can learn to read without this knowledge.

Another very important question. In what order is it easier for a preschooler to learn letters? If you are not guided by the sequence of letters in any particular “ABC” or “Primer Book,” try to take into account the following points at first.

First, study the vowels A, O, U with your child.

After some time, add the letters I, Y to the exercises.

Start studying consonant letters with those that the child pronounces well (you don’t need to choose L and R for initial lessons, for example).

The first letters to be introduced into the games are the ones that are most often found in Russian speech (you shouldn’t start with Ts or Shch), the simplest in style (you don’t need to memorize D, Zh, 3 first) and those that are sharply different graphically, for example: N, S, P , TO.

You should not enter B and C, R and F, G and T in a row - they are easy to confuse.

While playing, try to teach your child to hear speech sounds, isolate them from words, recognize the appearance of letters, and compare letters with each other in appearance and sound. The more exciting the lessons with letters are, the faster the child’s interest in learning will develop, and the greater his success in mastering reading will be.

Fun mosaic

Goal: memorize letters, learn to make them from a mosaic, develop fine motor skills.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: mosaic of any type ("nails", "buttons", "caps", "chips"), the corresponding typesetting cloth for the mosaic.

How to play?

Invite your child to lay out from the mosaic the letter that your joint efforts are currently aimed at memorizing. You can suggest laying out a letter of a given color (based on the possibilities of the mosaic), a given size (large or small), copying a letter from a sample that you make yourself, making a letter larger or smaller than yours.

Note! It is easier to lay out letters from a mosaic that consist only of vertical and horizontal lines. Therefore, first of all, the letters H, E, G, P, T, Ts, Sh, Sh are recommended for compiling a mosaic. The next level of complexity are letters containing inclined lines, for example U, K, X, A, L, D , Zh, M, I. And the most difficult to lay out from the mosaic are letters that include elements of a circle/semicircle (O, S, V, F, E, R, Yu, B, Z, Ch, 3, b, b).

Options:

Invite your child to transform letters from one to another by adding additional mosaic parts, removing unnecessary ones, or moving necessary parts. It will be interesting to transform A into L and vice versa, T into G and vice versa, E into E and vice versa, U into X and vice versa, P into N or I and vice versa, Sh into Sh or C and vice versa.

Lay out a sample letter from the mosaic, let the child look at it carefully and remember it. Close the sample. Invite your child to write out the same letter from memory. When your child completes the task, open the sample. Let the child compare his letter with the model and correct mistakes on his own if he made any.

Plasticine constructor

Goal: memorize letters, learn to sculpt letters from plasticine, develop fine motor skills.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: a set of plasticine (check in advance that the plasticine is elastic, not hard or brittle), a modeling board, stack or a disposable plastic knife.

How to play?

Together with your child, make sausages from plasticine of approximately the same thickness and length. You will need 8 such sausages. Divide (cut) 2 sausages in a stack in half. Divide the other 2 sausages into 3 parts each. Make rings from the 4 remaining sausages, securing their edges together. Divide 2 rings in a stack in half so that you get semicircles. Thus, you have a set of parts for composing any letter of the Russian alphabet. Now the child can make letters according to your model or according to his own ideas.

Note! If your child does not yet have the skill of working with plasticine, first teach him the basic techniques for working with this material: practice kneading plasticine, rolling, stretching, and connecting parts.

Options:

You can diversify the game with plasticine construction sets by using plasticine of different colors. Make identical sets of parts in 2-4 colors. Make a letter from pieces of different colors. Check to see if there are still parts in the appropriate colors and sizes to make the same letter. Ask the child to remember the letter, cover the sample (with a box or napkin), and invite the child to lay out exactly the same letter.

Works made from plasticine construction sets can become gifts for your baby’s family and friends. To do this, together with your child, lay out the first letter of the name of the person to whom the gift will be intended, attach it to bright cardboard, decorate it with a stack (draw dashes, squares, dots, wavy lines on it) or attach small pebbles, beads, plant seeds to the letter , cereal

Magic wands

Goal: memorize letters, learn to lay out letters from sticks, learn to transform letters.

Age: from 4 years.

What you'll need: Counting sticks.

How to play?

The easiest way is to lay out letters from sticks according to a pattern or without a pattern (according to the idea). When the child learns to lay out letters from sticks on his own, you can move on to a more complex level of the game. For example, make a shape out of sticks that resembles a door.

Ask the child to remove 2 sticks so that the letter P is formed, then restore the figure, ask the child to remove 2 sticks again, but this time to form the letter N. Children like this game, they feel like “wizards”. Don't forget to play along with your child so that he gets the most out of completing the tasks.

Next time, invite the child to make other letters from the “Door” figure: remove 1 stick so that you get the letter B; remove 2 sticks to form the letter E; remove 2 sticks to form the letter P; remove 4 sticks to form the letter G.

Magic transformations can also occur with another figure; it resembles a window.

From this magic figure you can make the following letters: the letter F (if you remove 4 sticks), the letter Y (if you remove 3 sticks), the letter W (if you remove 4 sticks).

Options:

Invite your child to perform a chain of transformations of letters made up of “magic” wands: from the letter B to make the letter b; make the letter B from the letter B; make the letter P from the letter B; make F from the letter P, and make Z from the letter F.

Smart cubes

Goal: memorize letters, learn to lay out letters from cubes, learn to transform letters.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: cubes.

How to play?

Any cubes of the same size are suitable for the game - both without a picture and with pictures (including from games like “Make a picture”). The easiest way is to lay out letters from cubes according to a pattern or without a pattern (according to presentation). Of course, not all letters can be laid out this way, but only those that do not contain round or semicircular elements. For example: E, E, N, G, T, Sh, C, Shch, Ch, M, U, I, K.

Once your child has practiced making letters from cubes, you can encourage him to transform letters made from cubes. It will be interesting to make the letter G from the letter T, removing the extra cube, moving one cube in the letter H so that the letter P is formed, “transforming” E into E, and Sh into Sh or C.

Rope letters

Goal: memorize letters, learn to lay out letters from strings, develop fine motor skills.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: colored cardboard, pieces of various kinds of ropes (braid, thick threads for knitting), a simple pencil, PVA glue (preferably in a bottle with a dispenser spout), a scarf or scarf.

How to play?

Tell your child that you will make unusual letters together. Ask what letter he would like to make, or suggest a letter yourself - a new one, or perhaps one that the child has not yet learned well. On a sheet of cardboard, draw the selected letter with a simple pencil. Give the child glue, let the child apply glue along the contour - “write” a letter with glue. While the glue is still wet, place a string on the outline. If the string is too long for this letter, cut off the rest. Let the craft dry.

Invite your child to feel the unusual letter and “memorize it with his hands.”

Make several of these letters, let the child recognize them by touch, blindfolded, and find one letter out of several suggested according to your assignment. Limit the feeling of the letter, move the child’s hand over only one fragment of the letter, asking him to guess it.

You can use the letters made for this game later to make syllables and words from them. Blindfold the child's eyes with a handkerchief or scarf, lay out the letters of the intended word (no more than 3-4 letters) in front of him, let him feel the rope letters and make a word from them.

Tactile letters

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: sandpaper, velvet paper, scissors.

How to play?

Cut out letters from sandpaper or velvet paper. The child will have to identify the letter by touch with his eyes closed.

Magic semolina

Goal: memorize letters, develop fine motor skills.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: a brightly colored dish tray, semolina.

How to play?

Spread a thin layer of semolina onto a tray. Show your child how to write letters on semolina directly with your finger or a stick. Ask him to write next to the letter the same as you wrote, to write a letter larger or smaller than yours, to complete an unfinished letter, or to erase the extra detail of the “wrong” letter.

On such a screen, any child will be pleased to learn to write letters: after all, all you have to do is shake the tray a little, and the mistake or inaccuracy made will disappear!

Dreamers, or what the letter looks like

Goal: memorize letters, develop imagination

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: drawing paper, colored pencils, markers, wax crayons, watercolors, gouache.

How to play?

To make it easier for a child to remember letters, it is useful to compare letters with different objects from the environment. Write a letter and ask your child to think of what it looks like. Draw the letter to the object yourself or invite your child to do it. Try to keep the drawing bright and funny.

Below are some of the most common comparisons between letters and different objects or parts of objects.

A - a ladder, a tree trunk with a hollow, the roof of a house.
B - drum and sticks, kangaroo.
B - glasses, a pretzel, a butterfly that folded its wings.
G - braid, semaphore.
D - house, car.
E - broken comb.
Yo - the hedgehog carries two apples on his back.
F - beetle, snowflake.
3 - snake, bird in flight.
And - a tree, and next to a mountain, a needle and thread.
Y - there is a tree and a mountain nearby, a bird above them.
K - a bird with an open beak, a crocodile has its mouth open.
L - the ribbons in the braid came undone.

M - two mountains, a T-shirt, a swing, a broken bench.
N - stretcher, crib.
O - face, sun, plate, pie.
P - swing, gate.
R - chamomile.
C - drying, elephant ear.
T - hammer.
U - hare ears.
F - eagle owl, a man with his hands on his belt.
X - spinner, acrobat.
C - the kitten or puppy lies on its back, paws up.
H - flag, hanger, overturned chair.

Sh - hedgehog.
Sh - brush.
b is the key.
Y - skis and ski poles nearby.
Kommersant is a ladle.
E - echo.
Yu-yula, branch with an apple.
I am a man with a backpack over my shoulders, a cockerel.

It will be very good if your child sees letters in other objects of the surrounding world or in the images of animals and people.

If you draw pictures of the letters in an album, arranging them in alphabetical order, you will get a unique children's alphabet. You can use this book yourself for a long time, and then pass it on as an “inheritance” to a younger child, your child’s friends, or leave it in a kindergarten group.

Home alphabet

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: drawing tablet/sketchbook/string sketchbook, colored pencils, markers, wax crayons, watercolors, gouache, magazines/catalogs/postcards/stickers, scissors, glue.

How to play?

Very often, parents buy alphabet posters for their children. Such posters help the child memorize letters. But on them, each letter corresponds to only one subject picture, the name of which begins with this letter. Children quickly remember the proposed matches, and interest in the poster gradually disappears.

You can make a better version of this teaching aid with your child using pictures from magazines or catalogues, postcards or stickers.

It is best to start making such a “Home Alphabet” immediately after your child starts teaching letters. Make the first “page” of the alphabet as soon as you introduce the child to his first letter. Write this letter brightly and elegantly on a piece of paper and let the child color it. Then, sorting through postcards or stickers, leafing through the pages of magazines or catalogs, look for pictures whose names begin with this letter, cut them out and paste them onto the “page” of the alphabet. Along with the number of letters the child learns, the number of “pages” of the alphabet will also increase. Each “page” can be supplemented in the process of learning letters if you come across any new suitable picture.

Decorate the walls of the children's room with “pages” of the alphabet. The kid will be pleased to learn using this alphabet: after all, he “made it” himself!

You can make an alphabet on a piece of Whatman paper. To do this, first draw whatman paper into 33 identical rectangles. Write the letters in each, following alphabetical order. As you learn the letters, fill in the boxes with pictures that start with those letters.

Homemade alphabet

An even more interesting version of the game is shown in the photo below. For this game with letters, you will need to select in advance small objects and toys that you have in the house. You can make figures from plasticine or salt dough, or even use edible props for the game that will not stain the playing field. Put the items in a box or bag, you can constantly replenish your props for playing with your child.

How to play? Print out the game board. Glue it together. The child must take out one object at a time from the box (bag) and place them on the playing field depending on what letter they begin with.

Album for letters

Goal: memorize letters, learn to identify the first sound in words.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: photo album for 36 photographs 10x15 cm, white cardboard cards (10x15 cm, 66 pieces), colored pencils, felt-tip pens, wax crayons, watercolor paints, gouache, magazines/catalogs/postcards/stickers, scissors, glue.

How to play?

Using a regular photo album, pictures from magazines and catalogs, postcards and stickers, you can make a useful aid for your child to learn letters.

On white cardboard cards, using colored pencils or felt-tip pens, watercolors or gouache, write large and beautiful letters of the alphabet.

Insert these cards into a photo album, placing them on the left side of the page. Match pictures with letters of the alphabet. The more pictures you select, the brighter the guide will be and the more interesting it will be for your child to study with it. Glue pictures starting with the same letters onto the remaining cardboard cards. Insert cards with subject pictures accordingly into the spread of the photo album on the right. The album is ready!

The child, looking at the pictures and letters in the album, will unobtrusively remember the letters. You can take such an album with you on the road or for a walk, without fear that your child will spoil it or get it dirty - after all, the letters and pictures in it are protected by film.

Smart charging

Goal: memorize letters based on an image.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: two pillows, a rug.

How to play?

Any child will be interested in becoming a letter. Show your child how to turn into letters.

Letter A - place your feet shoulder-width apart, fold your hands behind your lower back.
Letter B - place a pillow on your stomach with one hand, extend the other hand forward.
Letter B - press two pillows towards you.
Letter G - stretch your arms forward, clasp your fingers.
Letter D - sit with your child on the carpet with your backs to each other, bend your legs slightly at the knees.
Letter E - standing on one leg, stretch the other leg forward, at the same time stretch your arms forward.
The letter E is the same as the letter E, with a wink.

Letter F - place your feet shoulder-width apart, bend your arms at the elbows and lift them up.
Letter 3 - lying on your side, bend your knees, move your head back, bend back.
Letter I - join your hands behind your back, one hand through your forearm and the other through your lower back.
The letter Y is the same as the letter I, but nod your head.
Letter K - stretch your right leg forward, place it on your toes, bend your right arm at the elbow and lift it up.
Letter L - place your feet shoulder-width apart, press your hands to your body.

Letter M - stand with the child opposite each other and hold hands, lower your arms down.
Letter N - stand with the child opposite each other, stretch your arms forward; let him put his hands on yours.
Letter 0 - join your hands above your head, forming a circle.
Letter P - spread your arms to the sides, bent at the elbows, turn your palms towards your body.
Letter P - place both hands, palms to your forehead, elbows together.
Letter C - lying on your side, bend into a semicircle shape.
Letter T - extend both arms out to the sides.
Letter U - standing, extend your left arm along your body; Press the shoulder of your right hand to your chest, move your forearm slightly down, close your fingers and straighten them.

Letter F - place your hands on your belt.
Letter X - place your feet shoulder-width apart, raise your arms up and spread them slightly to the sides.
Letter C - bend your right arm up at the elbow and move it to the side, place your left hand parallel to your right, moving it also to the right.
Letter H - join your arms in front of you with your elbows bent.
Letter Ш - spread your arms to the sides, elbows bent, forearms raised up, palms turned towards the body.
The letter Ш is the same as the letter Ш, but stamp with your left foot.
Letter B - place a pillow on your stomach, move one arm, bent at the elbow, back and up.
Letter Y - place a pillow on your stomach, and place your child opposite you.

Letter b - place a pillow on your stomach.
Letter E - take your right leg to the side, place it on your heel, raise your left arm up and bend to the right, bend your right arm at the elbow and press it to your body.
Letter Y - hold the pillow in front of you with your arms outstretched.
Letter I - place your right hand on your belt, move your right leg to the right and place it on your heel.

First, invite your child to repeat these “shapes” after you. Ask your child to think of a different way to represent the letters. If possible, take pictures of your child as he or she makes different letters. With the help of these photographs, you will be able to compose syllables and words together with your baby.

Don't tell your child what letters you are turning into; let him guess. And next time the baby will show the letters.

Magic bag

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: letters from the set (plastic or magnetic), a bag.

How to play?

An opaque plastic bag or gift bag may be suitable for the game.

Place the letters your child knows into a bag. Offer to take out the letters one by one, guess them by touch, and come up with a word starting with this letter. If the child makes a mistake in the name when taking out a letter, correct it and put the letter back in the bag. When the child takes out this letter again, he will already name it correctly.

You can also put new letters for the child in the bag, but there should be no more than 1-3 of them per game.

After playing with the magic bag a few times, place a few small items in the bag to keep the game interesting. This could be: a paperclip, a cap from a felt-tip pen, a button, a cap from a plastic bottle, a counting stick, a number from a set, a geometric figure, etc.

Invite your child to come up with words that end with the letter from the bag. Do not use the letters B, D, V, G, Zh, 3 for this task, because at the end of the word they are heard differently. You can come up with words that contain a missing letter (regardless of its place in the word).

Smart hide and seek

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: colored paper, white paper, scissors, colored pencils or markers, paper clips, tape.

How to play?

Cut out large three-dimensional letters from colored paper or write them on album sheets with colored pencils (felt-tip pens). For one game, 5-7 letters are enough. Of these, no more than 3 are new for the child.

Hide all the letters somewhere in the apartment (or room) so that only small fragments of them remain visible. You can hide the letters: behind a mirror, under a closet, behind a curtain, in a book, in a desk drawer, on the ceiling, under a pillow, behind a lampshade, etc. Use tape or paper clips to attach the letters. Do all the preparatory work without the child.

Tell your child that the letters are playing hide and seek with him. Offer to find the letters.

The child will be interested in finding both familiar and new letters. If the child sees a letter that is familiar to him, before he takes it out, ask him to guess from the visible part what kind of letter it is. To better memorize new letters, you can place them in “special” places. For example: the letter X can be hidden in the refrigerator, the letter 3 - behind the mirror, the letter K - in a dresser drawer, the letter C - in a pot with an indoor flower, the letter B - hung on a hanger in the hallway, etc.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: colored paper, white paper, scissors, colored pencils or markers, paper clips.

How to play?

Cut out bright large flowers of different shapes from colored paper. To organize the game, 6-10 colors are enough. From white paper, cut out the “centers” of flowers of the appropriate size. Determine which letters would be useful for your child to work with now. Write the letters on the “centers” and attach them to the flowers using paper clips. Place flowers on the floor.

“Turn” a child into a butterfly: read a poem about a butterfly or give the child a large scarf - “wings” - in his hands. Tell the “butterfly” which flower to land on. Swap roles: now let the child name the letters on which you will “land.”

To play with other letters, you do not need to cut out new flowers, you just need to write the “middles” and attach them to the old flowers.

Note! For the game, it is useful to choose flowers-letters that are similar to each other - having the same elements. For example, in one game use the letters P, N, I, T, G, E, Sh, and the next time write the letters V, B, R, S, 3, Z, F on the flowers.

Write the letters on regular sheets of paper - these will be airfields. Using a poem or an imitation exercise (arms to the sides, honking), “turn” the child into an airplane and command which airfield to land on. A boy will like this version of the game more.

Letters on the back

Goal: remember letters, develop attention.

Age: from 4 years.

What you'll need: No props needed for this game.

How to play?

Play riddles with your child. Simply “write” the letter he knows on your child’s back with your index finger or the blunt end of a pencil. Ask what letter you wrote. Invite your child to write a letter on your back and you can guess. Guess the letters one by one.

In this way, it is useful to memorize letters that a child cannot, for some reason, learn firmly.

You write on the child’s back, and he simultaneously writes the same letter with chalk on the board or with a felt-tip pen on paper.

Find the same letters

Goal: remember letters, develop attention.

Age: from 4 years.

How to play?

For this game, you must first prepare cards with letters. Cut the cardboard into rectangles and write one letter on each card. The letters must be written in several options (styles), two letters of each option. Letters may vary in size, color, and font style. Lay out the letters in front of your child. Invite him to find paired - identical letters. Don't forget to ask your child what letters he found.

Let the child sort the letters into groups: large and small, by color, by writing style. Then he will name all the letters in each group.

Cut the letters

Goal: memorize letters, learn to distinguish letters with similar spellings, develop spatial thinking.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: white cardboard, colored pencils or markers, scissors.

How to play?

For this game, you must first prepare cards with letters. Cut the cardboard into rectangles measuring approximately 13x18cm. Write one letter on each card. First cut the cards into two parts. Invite your child to collect letters by presenting the parts in different ways: parts of one letter, parts of one letter + one part of another letter, parts of 2-3 letters at the same time.

To form several letters at the same time and to form a letter using an extra piece, it is important that all letters are written with the same color felt-tip pen. Otherwise, the color will become an obvious clue for the child.

Then you can cut the same cards again - so that you get 3-5 parts of one letter. If you successfully compose letters from 5 parts, you can cut a few more parts until you get 8 parts. Use different ways to cut the letter: horizontally, vertically, diagonally.

The same letter can be wished upon a child several times, cutting it differently each time.

Pay special attention to the selection of letters for simultaneous folding. First, select letters whose differences in style are obvious, for example: A and P, S and I, U and V, L and Yu. Then you can present simultaneously parts of letters with similar spellings, for example: P and V, Sh and E, N and P, V and B, G and T, K and X, M and L, L and A.

Don't forget to ask your child what letter it turned out to be!

Such tasks are very similar to games with cut pictures, which many preschoolers enjoy. Compiling “split letters” contributes not only to memorization, but also to the development of visual and effective thinking, helps to prevent errors in writing letters (mirror writing, writing “upside down”, erroneously writing a letter similar in appearance instead of a given one).

Mirror letters

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: cardboard, scissors, pencil/marker/pen.

How to play?

Prepare cards of the same size (approximately 8x12 cm) at the rate of 2 pieces for the letters the child has learned. Write 1 letter on each card. The letters must be written in a correct and mirrored (“back to front”) image.

Place a couple of cards with the same letter in front of your child. Ask them to choose the correct letter. Organize your child’s independent check of the task: give him the opportunity to compare the selected letter with letters from the ABC or Primer. Be sure to ask what the letter is called.

This exercise will help you avoid mistakes in writing letters in the future.

A toy shop

Goal: learn to identify the first sound in words, find the corresponding letter.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: 5-10 of your child’s toys, the letters with which the names of these toys begin (magnetic/from the cash register/written on small pieces of paper).

How to play?

Organize a store at home. Place different toys “on the counter”: a ball, a doll, a pyramid, a car, etc. The seller is you. The buyer is your child. The main condition is that the product can be purchased only by correctly naming the first sound of the word and “paying” the seller with the corresponding letter.

Swap roles: now you are the buyer, and the child is the seller. When you “buy” toys, specifically choose the wrong letter. The seller will have to refuse your purchase and explain why he cannot sell this toy for the “money” you offered.

Note! There is no need to use items starting with the letters E, E, Z, Yu to play.

Options:

All children love to play “shop,” but to prevent this game from getting boring, and to remember more letters, you can change the “profile” of the store. Today it is a grocery store, and tomorrow it is a sports store. Sell ​​dishes, vegetables and fruits, clothes and shoes, educational supplies.

It is very convenient to use a set of pictures for this game. With the help of pictures, you can “sell” not only those items that are actually laid out by the “seller” on an imaginary counter, but also “products” of a much larger size, for example: transport, furniture, trees, flowers. Such pictures will be useful to you for other games.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: toys (for example, a bear, a doll, Pinocchio, a baby doll, a soldier, a tiger cub), postcards, envelopes, colored pencils or markers.

How to play?

Prepare “letters” for toys: put the cards in envelopes, write the “address” on the envelopes - the first letters of the names of the toys (M, K, B, P, S, T). “Turn” your child into a postman: put a bag over his shoulder and put letters in the bag. The child needs to guess which of the toys to give which letter. The main condition for completing the task: the toy receives an envelope on which the first letter of its “name” is written.

Prepare “letters” for your family members: for grandmother - an envelope with the letter B, for grandfather - an envelope with the letter D, for dad - with the letter P, etc. It is especially interesting to play “Mail” before the holidays, for example, before the New Year. If you put real greeting cards addressed to family members in envelopes, your little postman can proudly deliver the holiday mail.

Bring the goods

Goal: learn to identify the first sound in words, remember letters.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: 3 trucks, letters from a cut alphabet, tape, small toys - a pyramid, a pistol, a doll, a clown, a cube and a brick from a wooden constructor, a ring, a ball, a scoop, a bucket.

How to play?

All children - both boys and girls - enjoy using cars in their games. The game of “cars”, if you wish, turns into a developing and educational game. This is not difficult to do! Using tape, attach the letters K, P, M to the cars. These will be the “brands” of the cars. Place toys in front of your child. Offer to distribute the loads among the cars. To choose which machine to put the weight in, you need to determine the first sound in the name of the toy and find the corresponding letter on the machine. Cars transport only those items that begin with the letter - the “brand” of the car.

Please note that not all cargo can be transported on these vehicles. Ask your child what other vehicles are needed to transport the remaining toys.

Invite your child to distribute the toys, focusing on the last letter in their name. Remember that toy names ending in G, 3, V, D, Zh, B are not suitable for this task, since these letters at the end of the word indicate other sounds.

Goal: memorize letters, develop coordination of movements.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: images of fish (from lotto or from children's magazines/silhouettes cut out of paper), paper clips, colored pencils or markers, string (30 cm long), magnet, ruler (20-30 cm long), tape, hoop ( blue scarf/blue rug/blue blanket), bucket.

How to play?

Before starting the game, you need to make a fishing rod and a “catch”. To make a fishing rod, tie a string to a ruler, and attach a magnet to the end of the string (you can tie it or glue it with tape). Write the letters on the fish that your child is currently memorizing. Attach a paper clip to each fish's nose.

Place a hoop on the floor - it will be a “lake”. Instead of a hoop, you can use a large scarf, blanket, rug, blue or light blue. “Launch” the fish into the lake - put all the fish in a hoop. Now your child, like a “real fisherman,” can fish in the lake. The main rule of the game: only that fish is considered caught, the “name” of which (the letter attached to it) the child can recognize. The fisherman's entire catch is put into a bucket.

Note! Before starting the game, decide for yourself whether it is more useful for your child to turn the fish over in the lake - letters up or letters down. If a child sees what letters are written on the fish, then perhaps he will not deliberately “catch” fish with letters that are unfamiliar to him. On the other hand, if the fish are turned upside down, you can tell your child which fish to catch. In this version of the game, the child will need to remember what the letter you named looks like, and after the child catches the corresponding fish, he will only repeat the name of the letter written on the fish.

Letter dress

Goal: memorize letters, develop fine motor skills.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: a set of white cardboard, a set of colored paper, PVA glue, a glue brush, a simple pencil.

How to play?

First, determine which letter your child would be interested in “making a dress for”: maybe it’s the first letter of his name, or maybe you want to “make a dress” for a letter that your child can’t remember for a long time, or for the letter you will introduce him to today.

On a piece of cardboard, use a simple pencil to draw the outline of the selected letter. Discuss with your child what color dress he would like to make for this letter; you can offer to choose several colors for the dress.

Tear small pieces from sheets of paper of the selected colors, spread them with glue, apply the pieces to the cardboard, filling the outline of the letter with them. If your child has chosen several colors to work with, tell him how to arrange the pieces of different colors. For example: glue them in any way you like (you get a colorful dress), glue pieces of one color at the bottom, pieces of a different color in the middle, and pieces of a third color at the top (you get a striped dress), etc. Draw the child’s attention to the fact that the pieces must be glued tightly to each other, “so that there are no holes in the dress.”

The color of the dress can be chosen based on the names of different colors. So, for the letter K, a red or brown dress is suitable; for the letter C - blue, gray, lilac; for the letter G - blue, for the letter Z - yellow; for letter 3 - green; for the letter P - pink; for the letter F - purple; for the letter 0 it is orange, and for the letter H it is black. You can choose a "design" that matches the letter. For example, the letter C will wear a colored dress (floral/multi-colored), the letter M will become a sailor and wear a vest. This choice of color and decoration method will contribute to better memory.

If your child likes this type of paper work, you can make all the letters of the alphabet with him as he learns them, coming up with a dress color for each letter.

The letters turn out incredibly fluffy, soft and cute if you use colored (with a pattern) or multi-colored paper napkins instead of plain paper.

Letter constructor

Goal: memorize letters, learn to lay out letters from individual parts.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: a set of colored cardboard, a simple pencil, a ruler, a compass, scissors.

How to play?

Before starting the game, make the construction kit parts. Cut out 8 strips of cardboard with lengths of 12, 6, 3 and 1.5 cm. The width of all strips is 1.5 cm. Using a compass, draw a circle with a diameter of 6 cm on the cardboard, draw a circle with a diameter of 4.5 cm inside it. Cut out the resulting ring and cut it into two half rings. You will need 6 such half rings. Cut another ring of the given size into 4 identical sectors (a quarter of the ring each).

Together with your child, make letters from the details of the construction set: offer to figure out how to make a given letter on your own, ask to make a letter according to your model.

Make an incorrect letter (in a mirror image - “back to front” or inverted - “upside down”), let the child rearrange the parts so that the correct letter is obtained.

Convert the letters. For example, place one large stick and ask your child to add just one piece to make a letter. The next move is yours - add details or swap them to make a new letter. Next, the child will transform the letter you laid out into another. Take turns. The following rows of letters are possible: T-G-P-N-M; I-F-R-V-B-B-Y-Y.

Travel game

Goal: memorize letters, learn to come up with a word starting with a given letter.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: Whatman paper or a piece of wallpaper, templates with geometric shapes, a simple pencil, colored pencils or markers, object pictures, scissors, glue, chips (small toys/buttons), dice.

How to play?

On a piece of Whatman paper, draw a travel route - a curved, open line. Along this line, using a template with geometric shapes, draw stopping points with colored pencils or felt-tip pens. Write letters in geometric shapes.

Choose one chip for yourself and your child. Throw the dice one at a time and “walk” for the number of moves you get. Once you find yourself on a stop figure, name the dropped letters and come up with words starting (or ending) with these letters. Anyone who cannot name the letter at the stop or come up with a word moves back one point (skips a turn). The one who reaches the finish line first wins.

If desired, decorate the game with pictures from magazines or postcards, stickers or pictures from the lotto. Using pictures, you can also set the theme of the game: “Journey in the forest”, “Journey through fairy tales”, “Sports”, etc. Make the route more complicated: draw arrows that transition forward and backward for several moves, enter symbols for skipping a move or an additional move (for example, if the piece is on a square - an additional move, and if the piece is red - skip a move).

To create such a guide, you can use the field of a travel board game, just write different letters in the circles.

Letter in the window

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: white and colored cardboard, colored pencils or markers, scissors.

How to play?

Prepare cards from colored and white cardboard of the same size, approximately 13x18 cm. You may need 3-5 colored cards, and determine the number of white cards based on the number of letters being memorized. Write large letters on white cardstock cards with felt-tip pens. In cards made of colored cardboard, cut out “windows” of different shapes (round, square, triangular, oval, rectangular): one window in each card. It is advisable to cut out the windows not in the middle of the card, but by shifting them slightly up or down.

Hide the card with the letter behind the card with the window. Try to do this so that the child does not see the letter ahead of time. Show your child the window with the letter. Ask him to recognize and name the letter in the window (by fragment).

Note! The same letter can be guessed multiple times by alternating cards with windows or changing the fragment presented in the window (this is easy to do by turning the card with a window upside down).

The game will help you remember the graphic images of letters well, and not confuse the letters when further learning to read.

Attentive eyes

Goal: memorize letters, train attention and observation.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: drawing paper, pencil/marker/pen.

How to play?

Copy the pictures onto separate sheets of paper (see figure). Invite your child to guess which letters are hidden in these pictures. Allow your child to turn the sheets in different directions so he can find more letters. If the child cannot recognize a letter, trace it with the blunt end of a pencil, this will help the child guess the letter. Don't say which letter you are showing; if the child can see it, he will name it himself. If the child still cannot see the letter, name it yourself.

It’s easy to come up with tasks like this yourself. The main rule when composing images: the same element (detail) must simultaneously be part of two or more letters. That is, the letters should seem to be inscribed within each other. This way it’s easy to imagine the letters P and B, B and V, B and R, G and T, N and P, A and M, F and Z, K and X, X and F. You can also invite your child to dream up and come up with them on their own similar riddles.

Goal: remember graphic images of letters, learn to recognize the same elements of letters, learn to recognize different elements of letters.

Age: from 4 years.

What you will need: paper (album, notebook, notebook, sheets), colored pencils or markers.

How to play?

Write “damaged” letters (unfinished, with missing details). Tell your child that these letters were damaged by the harmful Letter Eater and ask the child to restore (write/fix) them. Be sure to ask what letter you got.

You can write one of the frequently occurring letter elements (vertical line, horizontal line, slanted line, circle, semicircle) and ask the child to name all the letters that contain this element if there are several answer options.

For example, the right semicircle is found in the letters 3, Ф, ы, В, Р, Е, Б, ь, Ъ, the left semicircle is found in the letters Ф and И, the inclined line is a component of the letters И, Д, У, К, X, Ж , M, a horizontal line is present in the letters A, P, N, T, G, B, E, E, Yu, Sh, Shch, C, D.

This exercise develops visual attention, prevents erroneous naming of letters when reading and incorrect spelling of letters when typing. It is very important to prevent these mistakes, because throughout the entire period of preschool childhood, your child will write using printed letters. The child will begin mastering “written” letters only in the first grade.

Options:

Try to "make a wish" for letters that have 2 identical elements. For example, two vertical lines. Such lines are components of the letters N, I, Y, Y, M, P, Ts, Sh, Sh. Any of the letters listed will be the correct answer to the riddle.

You can also play this game outside: write letters with a stick in the sand or with chalk on the asphalt. In winter, trample letters in the snow or write in the snow with a shovel.

Logic chains

Goal: memorize letters, train attention, develop logical thinking.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: drawing paper, pencil/marker/pen.

How to play?

Sitting next to your child, write a chain of letters: A-L-A-L-A. Ask them to guess which letter should come next. Write it down or have your child write the letter himself. Offer to look carefully at the chain of letters again and name which letter should now be next. Write it down. Continue to guess the next 3-5 letters in order.

This task represents a logical pattern - the rule of alternation. You can also offer other types of letter alternation, for example:

A-A-L-L-A-A-L-L
A-L-L-A-L-L-A
A-L-A-P-A-L-A-P, etc.

It is better to first compose such chains from letters that are obviously different from each other, for example: D and V, ZH and T, S and G, 3 and I. Later, when the child learns to see the rules for constructing chains, you can compose them from letters that are similar in spelling and having the same elements. For example: I and M, V and F, F and K, E and W.

If a child finds it difficult to complete a task, help him by saying the entire chain of letters out loud, exaggeratingly pronouncing the names of the letters in different ways (quietly and loudly, in a high and low voice).

This exercise is useful for developing analytical skills and the ability to find patterns, so you can return to it at later stages of learning (when the child reads syllables, words, sentences).

To make chains, use letters from a cut alphabet or from a set of magnetic letters. In this case, the child does not write down the answer, but places the corresponding letters in the continuation of the chain.

Find and cross out

Goal: memorize letters, learn to distinguish letters with similar spellings, train attention.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: any text with large font (an old children's book, perhaps a Primer or ABC, advertising flyers from the mailbox), pencil/felt-tip pen/pen.

How to play?

For the first game, choose text with a small number of large letters of the same font and size. Invite your child, carefully looking through the text, to find and cross out the given letter, preferably the one that you are currently memorizing with him. Teach your child to look through all the letters in order and not skip lines. Another time, the letter can be circled, a dot placed under or above it, etc.

If you successfully complete such tasks, complicate the instructions and offer to simultaneously search and cross out (underline/circle) 2 different letters.

The next level of difficulty is to find 2 different letters and designate them in different ways, for example: underline 0, cross out A. When completing tasks in this version, first suggest looking for letters that clearly differ from each other, for example M and T, L and S, Z and N, A and E, F and Sh. Then, when the child learns to alternate different ways of marking the letters he is looking for, offer letters that have similar elements in their spelling, for example N and I, P and N, V ​​and R, B and Y, Shch and C, S and O, F and K, G and T.

Over time, you can replace search text with letters of the same size and font with text or a set of letters of different fonts and sizes. Advertising leaflets or advertisements in newspapers are very suitable for work at this level - they contain letters not only of different fonts and sizes, but also of different colors. Another convenient option for preparing such assignments is to type them on the computer using different styles and different letter sizes.

To complicate the game conditions, you can limit the time you work on a task, for example, work for 1 minute. After the time has expired, you should count the number of letters that the child was able to view. From time to time, the number of letters viewed in 1 minute will increase, which will become a tangible indicator of the child’s success.

Children remain interested in this exercise for a very long time. Therefore, you can return to the game even when your child is already reading well. In this case, the main task will be training attention, concentration, and the ability to follow instructions.

Work on one of these tasks yourself, make mistakes on purpose, invite the child to play the role of a teacher and check the correctness of the task.

The letter is growing

Goal: memorize letters, develop fine motor skills.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: drawing paper, colored pencils or markers.

How to play?

Prepare strips of paper approximately 5x20 cm in size. Lay the strip horizontally. On the left side of a strip of paper, “plant” (write) a small letter, for example A. Then write the letter A, gradually increasing its size, until the end of the sheet. The last letter should be written across the entire width of the sheet. Tell your child that this is how “the letter grows.” Invite him to “grow” a letter himself.

If the child cannot increase the size of the letter gradually, or gets stuck on a smaller size, help him with verbal instructions: “And the next letter is a little higher,” “Now a little higher,” “Again, the letter is higher...”

There is another way to help if you have difficulties completing a task. “Turn” the child into a letter, ask to show how the letter grows - first the child stands on his haunches with his head down, then raises his head, gradually stands up, then slowly raises his arms up, and finally stands on his tiptoes.

The exercise perfectly develops fine motor skills and develops the ability to follow instructions.

Options:

You can change the conditions of the task: write by reducing the size of the letter. Then you need to write a letter of maximum size in the left corner of the strip - the entire width of the sheet.

Try to make "slides" from the letters. First, gradually increase the letter size, reaching the maximum approximately in the middle of the strip, and then gradually decrease the size, returning to the original letter size at the very end of the line. Or vice versa - start writing with the largest letter, gradually reduce the size, bringing it to the minimum towards the middle of the sheet, and then gradually increase the letter size, bringing it to the original towards the end of the line.

Letter lotto

Goal: remember letters, develop attention, learn to identify the first sound in words.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: drawing paper, ruler, pencil, colored pencils or markers, object pictures (from board games or cut out from magazines), bag.

How to play?

Divide the sheets of paper into 6-8 rectangles of the same size. Write one letter in each rectangle. Write letters large and in bright colors. From board games or from magazines, select pictures whose names begin with letters written on sheets of paper.

Invite your child to choose one of the cards with letters and find the corresponding picture for each letter from those prepared for the game. The letter must be covered with a picture.

When your child learns to find the right pictures, you can play this game with the whole family. The rules of the game are simple. Each family member chooses a card with a letter. One of the family members is the leader. He takes out object pictures from the bag one at a time and asks: “Who needs...?” (says the name of the object shown in the picture). The one who has the corresponding letter takes the picture for himself, covering the letter with it. The first one to cover all the letters on his card wins.

Glue subject pictures onto large cards, take letters out of the bag and cover the pictures with them. The rules of the game are the same. If subject pictures are glued onto large cards by topic (shoes, clothes, animals, birds, fish, insects, trees, flowers, mushrooms, vegetables, fruits, furniture, dishes, pets, wild animals, animals of hot countries, animals of the North), then another goal of the game will be to develop speech and expand the baby’s vocabulary.

Letter traveler

Goal: learn to determine the presence of sound in words, learn to determine the place of sound in a word, memorize letters.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: a picture depicting types of passenger transport (plane/train/bus/ship), letters from a set of magnetic letters.

How to play?

Using a ruler and a simple pencil, divide each picture depicting a type of passenger transport into three parts - conditionally the beginning, middle and end of the passenger compartment.

Choose a letter from a set of magnetic letters whose place in the word your child will determine. Select the mode of transport for the "letter journey". Tell your child that a letter can only occupy the seat on the plane/bus/train/ship that is indicated on the ticket. In order to find out what place a letter occupies, you need to determine the place of the sound in the word (at the beginning, in the middle, at the end). You call “Ticket”, and the child places the letter on the vehicle.

For example, you agreed that the letter Sh is traveling today. The child chooses a plane for her. You call "ticket" - the word JOKE (pronounce SH-SH-JOKE in an exaggerated manner). The child determines that the sound Ш in this word is at the beginning of the word and “places” the letter at the beginning of the word. Change the ticket - say the word KAMYSH (pronounce exaggeratedly KAMYSH-SH-SH). The child will “plant” the letter Ш in the tail of the plane. Change the ticket again - say the word ROOF-SH-SHA in an exaggerated manner. The child will “put” the letter Ш in the middle of the cabin, since the sound Ш in the word ROOF is in the middle of the word. Offer your child a fraudulent ticket - the word BEETLE. There is no letter “SH” in this word, so the child will take the letter off the plane.

As “tickets,” use subject pictures whose names contain “travel letter.” Do not forget to offer your child pictures that do not have this letter in their names, so that the child learns to identify its absence in words.

Letter domino

Goal: memorize letters, learn to identify the first sound in words.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: white cardboard, object pictures, a simple pencil, ruler, scissors, glue, colored pencils or markers.

How to play?

Currently, there are many options for ready-made educational games with letters like "Dominoes" on sale. All these games, as a rule, have one feature: each set includes only one letter, and only one corresponding picture is selected for each letter. When a child plays such a domino, he quickly remembers the proposed correspondence between letters and pictures, and therefore the game soon becomes uninteresting for the child.

You can make a similar game yourself. To make the game interesting, select not one picture for each letter of the alphabet, but several. Use old magazines, booklets, and catalogs to search for pictures. You may find used sticker books, postcards, and candy wrappers useful.

Make a set of cards of the same size from white cardstock. Determine the size of the card yourself depending on the size of the pictures you selected: the picture should fit on half the card. Make a mark on each card: divide it in half using a pencil and ruler. Write the letters of the alphabet on the right half of the cards, and glue object pictures to the left halves. You can write the letters by hand, print them on a printer, or cut out large letters from magazines/newspapers.

There are no special rules in the selection of pictures and letters for one card. But you need to avoid matching the letter written/pasted on one card and the letter with which the name of the item in the picture begins.

Explain to your child the rules of the game. For each card you need to select another card so that the written letters match the pictures starting with these letters. Take it for yourself and give your child 5-8 cards. Place the remaining cards in a common deck. Build chains of letters and pictures. Take turns. If you or your child do not have a suitable card, take additional ones from the deck. The one who runs out of cards first wins. Don't forget to ask your child to name the letters on the cards!

Invite your child to build a chain of cards himself, following the rules of the game Dominoes. Let him select cards in such a way as to use as many letters and pictures as possible in one chain. The best option for completing this task is to place all the cards of the completed set in one chain.

Friends

Goal: memorize letters, learn to come up with words using letters, develop imagination, develop speech.

Age: from 5 years.

What you will need: pictures of different animals, letters from a cut alphabet or magnetic ones.

How to play?

Place pictures with animals on one table (stool, sofa), and letters on another table (stool, sofa). Take turns playing. First, take any picture yourself and figure out which letter the animal depicted on it would like to be friends with. For example: an ELEPHANT would like to be friends with the letter X because it has a trunk, and a CAT with the letter M because it catches mice. Find the corresponding letter, tell why the animal wants to be friends with this letter.

The next move is your child's. Give him the opportunity to choose a picture from those laid out on the table. If the child cannot come up with a letter for this picture, help him: ask a hint question. For example: the child chose a picture with a RABBIT, ask the child what the rabbit likes to eat (carrots - chooses the letter M).

The game not only helps to remember letters, but also broadens the child’s horizons.

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