The foundations for dividing salts into separate groups were laid in the works of a French chemist and pharmacist G. Ruel(\(1703\)–\(1770\)) . It was he who in \(1754\) proposed dividing the salts known by that time into acidic, basic and medium (neutral). Currently, other groups of this extremely important class of compounds are being identified.
Medium salts
Medium salts are salts that contain a metal chemical element and an acidic residue.
Instead of a metal chemical element, ammonium salts contain a monovalent ammonium group NH 4 I.
Examples of medium salts:
Na I Cl I - sodium chloride;
Al 2 III SO 4 II 3 - aluminum sulfate;
NH I 4 NO 3 I - ammonium nitrate.
Acid salts
Salts are called acidic if they contain, in addition to a metal chemical element and an acidic residue, hydrogen atoms.
Pay attention!
When composing the formulas of acid salts, it should be borne in mind that the valence of the acid residue is numerically equal to the number of hydrogen atoms that were part of the acid molecule and replaced by the metal.
When compiling the name of such a compound, the prefix “” is added to the name of the salt. hydro", if the acid residue contains one hydrogen atom, and " dihydro"if the acid residue contains two hydrogen atoms.
Examples of acid salts:
Ca II HCO 3 I 2 - calcium bicarbonate;
Na 2 I HPO 4 II - sodium hydrogen phosphate;
Na I H 2 PO 4 I is sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
The simplest example of acidic salts is baking soda, i.e. sodium bicarbonate \(NaHCO_3\).
Basic salts
Basic salts are salts that contain, in addition to a metal chemical element and an acidic residue, hydroxyl groups.
Basic salts can be considered as a product of incomplete neutralization of a polyacid base.
Pay attention!
When composing the formulas of such substances, it should be borne in mind that the valency of the residue from the base is numerically equal to the number of hydroxo groups that have “left” the composition of the base.
When compiling the name of the main salt, the prefix “ hydroxo", if the remainder of the base contains one hydroxo group, and " dihydroxo", if the remainder of the base contains two hydroxo groups.
Examples of basic salts:
MgOH I Cl I - magnesium hydroxychloride;
Fe OH II NO 3 2 I - iron hydroxonitrate (\(III\));
Fe OH 2 I NO 3 I - iron dihydroxonitrate (\(III\)).
A well-known example of basic salts is the green deposit of copper hydroxycarbonate (\(II\)) \((CuOH)_2CO_3\), which forms over time on copper objects and objects made from copper alloys if they are in contact with moist air. The mineral malachite has the same composition.
Complex salts
Complex compounds are a diverse class of substances. The merit in creating a theory that explains their composition and structure belongs to the Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry \(1913\) Swiss scientist A. Werner (\(1866\)–\(1919\)). True, the term “complex compounds” was introduced in \(1889\) by another outstanding chemist, Nobel Prize laureate \(1909\). V. Ostwald (\(1853\)–\(1932\)).
The cation or anion of complex salts contains complexing element associated with so-called ligands. The number of ligands that the complexing agent attaches is called coordination number. For example, the coordination number of divalent copper, as well as beryllium and zinc, is \(4\). The coordination number of aluminum, iron, trivalent chromium is \(6\).
In the name of a complex compound, the number of ligands connected to the complexing agent is represented by Greek numerals: \(2\) - “ di", \(3\) - " three", \(4\) - " tetra", \(5\) - " penta", \(6\) - " hexa" Both electrically neutral molecules and ions can act as ligands.
The name of the complex anion begins with the composition of the inner sphere.
If anions act as ligands, the ending “ -O»:
\(–Cl\) - chloro-, \(–OH\) - hydroxo-, \(–CN\) - cyano-.
If the ligands are electrically neutral water molecules, the name " aqua", and if ammonia - the name " ammin».
Then the complexing agent is called using its Latin name and the ending “- at", after which, without a space, the degree of oxidation is indicated in Roman numerals in brackets (if the complexing agent can have several oxidation states).
After indicating the composition of the inner sphere, indicate the name of the cation of the outer sphere - the one that is outside the square brackets in the chemical formula of the substance.
Example:
K 2 Zn OH 4 - potassium tetrahydroxozincate,
K 3 Al OH 6 - potassium hexahydroxoaluminate,
K 4 Fe CN 6 - potassium hexacyanoferrate (\(II\)).
In school textbooks, the formulas for complex salts of more complex composition are, as a rule, simplified. For example, the formula of potassium tetrahydroxodiaquaaluminate K Al H 2 O 2 OH 4 is usually written as the formula of tetrahydroxoaluminate.
If the complexing agent is part of the cation, then the name of the inner sphere is composed in the same way as in the case of a complex anion, but the Russian name of the complexing agent is used and the degree of its oxidation is indicated in parentheses.
Example:
Ag NH 3 2 Cl - diammine silver chloride,
Cu H 2 O 4 SO 4 - tetraaquacopper sulfate (\(II\)).
Crystal hydrates of salts
Hydrates are the products of the addition of water to particles of a substance (the term is derived from the Greek hydor- “water”).
Many salts precipitate from solutions in the form crystalline hydrates- crystals containing water molecules. In crystalline hydrates, water molecules are tightly bound to cations or anions that form a crystal lattice. Many salts of this type are essentially complex compounds. Although many of the crystal hydrates have been known since time immemorial, the systematic study of their composition was started by the Dutch chemist B. Rosebohm (\(1857\)–\(1907\)).
In the chemical formulas of crystalline hydrates, it is customary to indicate the ratio of the amount of salt substance and the amount of water substance.
Pay attention!
The dot that divides the chemical formula of crystalline hydrate into two parts, unlike mathematical expressions, does not indicate the action of multiplication and is read as the preposition “with”.
.Table salt is essentially a universal product, a mineral that has accompanied humans since ancient times. A long time ago, people realized the importance of this seasoning in their lives, which is why there are a number of proverbs and sayings, for example, “Eat a peck of salt with someone” or “Leave unsalted” and of course many others, reflecting the great respect of the people for this product . Moreover table salt was very often used as a bargaining chip in many civilizations, for a certain small amount of which you could even buy yourself a slave.
The process of extracting table salt in our time is not much different from ancient methods. Moreover, the extraction of certain species is carried out in almost every country. The production of table salt varies, most often carried out in the following three ways:
- Self-settling salt, which is formed by the natural evaporation of sea water.
- Self-sedited salt obtained from the bottom of salt lakes, or in salt cave ponds.
- Rock table salt obtained through mine development. This salt is not subjected to any heat treatment during extraction.
Chemical composition of table salt
The chemical composition of table salt according to GOST is actually very simple. This is a compound formed by the interaction of alkali and acid, two chemical elements - sodium and chlorine. Therefore, the formula for table salt is NaCl. This compound is obtained in the form of white crystals (see photo), which we are accustomed to seeing in our salt shakers.
The benefits of table salt
The benefits of this product are very unlikely to be underestimated in a person’s life. Nowadays, the variety of different types of salt on the shelves of shops and supermarkets is incredibly wide. You can see sea, iodized, Himalayan, pink and black, and many other types. They all differ in the place of extraction, purification methods and many other factors that affect the presence of additional beneficial ingredients in the salt.
Thanks to all this, this product has a huge number of useful properties. Every day, about five grams of this mineral should enter our body to maintain water balance. It also serves as the basis for the formation of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which performs the lion's share of the digestive process. This mineral must be present in the human blood and liver, and even at the cellular level. Thanks to its unique composition, it helps maintain the required level of electrolytes.
Use in cooking
The use of table salt as an additive in cooking is used throughout the world. There is not a single kitchen in the world where this seasoning is not used. In addition to adding taste, it is also used as a preservative for the long-term preservation of vegetables, meat, and fish. The important thing to remember is to use it in moderation.
Beneficial properties and use in treatment
The beneficial properties of table salt and the use of this composition in treatment have been known since ancient times and are confirmed by modern research. Sodium chloride, this is the name of the compound, due to its irreplaceability in biological processes of both humans and the rest of the plant and animal world, plays an important role in the life of every organism.
Sodium is practically the main cation involved in maintaining the required level of acid-base balance, and it is also responsible for the constant osmotic pressure.
The sodium-potassium compound ensures the penetration of glucose and amino acids through the cell membrane. If this component is insufficient, the transmission of nerve impulses and the activity of various muscles, including the heart, will not be able to function properly in the human body.
Without sodium, it will be quite difficult for the colon to absorb some nutrients.
Chlorine is responsible for the formation of hydrochloric acid and some other substances in the body responsible for the breakdown of fats. Is the main stimulant of sexual and nervous systems, and with its insufficient presence in the body, the full formation of bone and muscle tissue is impossible.
Using salt to benefit the body is possible not only through its ingestion. We can significantly improve our health by using some recipes using topical sodium chloride.
For example, salt baths are very popular to strengthen the nail plate. To obtain it, dissolve a few tablespoons in a cup of water and dip your fingertips there for a few minutes.
Also, when you have a runny nose, it is recommended to do the following warming up: heat a glass of salt in a frying pan, pour it into a bag of gauze or canvas, and warm the bridge of the nose.
Even in the fight against excess weight, extra food salt will become a faithful assistant. Dissolve in a bath with hot water two kilograms of salt and plunge into the resulting solution for fifteen minutes.
In addition to these, there are many other ways to use this product to benefit your own body.
Harm of salt and contraindications
There are many theories about the harm of this product. The most important thing that all researchers note is not to overdo it in use. The optimal norm is considered for an adult healthy person fifteen grams of sodium chloride per day. And it should be considered this way. Ten grams enter the body already as part of consumed products. And only five grams can be consumed additionally when preparing various dishes.
Extra food salt can, in large quantities, lead to clogging of the cells of our body with various harmful substances, can cause tissue swelling and additional stress on the arterial vessels and heart. It should be borne in mind that excessive consumption of this product can lead to complications in the functioning of the entire body. In addition, the nutritional value of table salt is also quite high, and an excessive amount of salt in the body leads to additional stagnation of water in the body.
Therefore, you should be moderate in salting your dishes, and, if possible, avoid additional intake of this mineral, because the benefits and harms of table salt will always depend only on your prudence. And then this ancient flavoring product will only benefit your health.
In the previous sections, reactions in which salts are formed were constantly encountered.
Salts are substances in which metal atoms are bonded to acidic residues.
The exception is ammonium salts, in which it is not metal atoms, but NH 4 + particles that are associated with acidic residues. Examples of typical salts are given below.
NaCl – sodium chloride,
Na 2 SO 4 – sodium sulfate,
CaSO 4 – calcium sulfate,
CaCl 2 – calcium chloride,
(NH 4) 2 SO 4 – ammonium sulfate.
The formula of the salt is built taking into account the valencies of the metal and the acid residue. Almost all salts are ionic compounds, so we can say that in salts metal ions and ions of acidic residues are interconnected:
Na + Cl – – sodium chloride
Ca 2+ SO 4 2– – calcium sulfate, etc.
The names of salts are made up of the name of the acid residue and the name of the metal. The main thing in the name is the acid residue. The names of salts depending on the acid residue are shown in Table 4.6. The upper part of the table shows oxygen-containing acidic residues, and the lower part shows oxygen-free residues.
Table 4-6. Construction of names of salts.
|
Salt of which acid |
Acid residue |
Valency of the residue |
Name of salts | |
|
Nitrogen HNO 3 |
Ca(NO 3)2 calcium nitrate |
|||
|
Silicon H 2 SiO 3 |
silicates |
Na 2 SiO 3 sodium silicate |
||
|
Sulfuric H2SO4 |
sulfates |
PbSO 4 lead sulfate |
||
|
Coal H2CO3 |
carbonates |
Na 2 CO 3 sodium carbonate |
||
|
Phosphorus H 3 PO 4 |
AlPO 4 aluminum phosphate |
|
Hydrogen bromide HBr |
NaBr sodium bromide |
|||
|
Hydrogen iodide HI |
KI potassium iodide |
|||
|
Hydrogen sulfide H 2 S |
sulfides |
FeS iron(II) sulfide |
||
|
Salt HCl |
NH 4 Cl ammonium chloride |
|||
|
Hydrofluoride HF |
CaF 2 calcium fluoride |
From Table 4-6 it can be seen that the names of oxygen-containing salts have the endings “ at", and the names of oxygen-free salts have the endings " eid».
In some cases, the ending "" may be used for oxygenated salts. it"For example, Na 2 SO 3 - sulfite sodium This is done in order to distinguish between salts of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3) and in other similar cases.
All salts are divided into medium, sour And basic. Average salts contain only metal atoms and an acid residue. For example, all salts from Table 4-6 are average salts.
Any salt can be obtained by an appropriate neutralization reaction. For example, sodium sulfite is formed in the reaction between sulfurous acid and a base (caustic soda). In this case, for 1 mole of acid it is required to take 2 moles of base:
If you take only 1 mole of base - that is, less than is required for full neutralization, then it is formed sour salt – sodium hydrosulfite:
Sour salts are formed by polybasic acids. Monobasic acids do not form acid salts.
Acidic salts, in addition to metal ions and an acid residue, contain hydrogen ions.
The names of acid salts contain the prefix “hydro” (from the word hydrogenium - hydrogen). For example:
NaHCO 3 – sodium bicarbonate,
K 2 HPO 4 – potassium hydrogen phosphate,
KH 2 PO 4 – potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Basic salts are formed when the base is incompletely neutralized. The names of the main salts are formed using the prefix “hydroxo”. Below is an example showing the difference between basic salts and ordinary (medium) salts:
Basic salts, in addition to metal ions and an acid residue, contain hydroxyl groups.
Basic salts are formed only from polyacid bases. Monoacid bases cannot form such salts.
Table 4.6 shows international titles salts However, it is also useful to know the Russian names and some historical, traditional names of salts that are important (Table 4.7).
Table 4.7. International, Russian and traditional names of some important salts.
|
International name |
Russian name |
Traditional name |
Application |
|
|
Sodium carbonate |
Sodium carbonate |
In everyday life - as a detergent and cleaning agent |
||
|
Sodium bicarbonate |
Sodium carbonate acid |
Baking soda |
Food product: baked confectionery |
|
|
Potassium carbonate |
Potassium carbonate |
Used in technology |
||
|
Sodium sulfate |
Sodium sulfate |
Glauber's salt |
Medicine |
|
|
Magnesium sulfate |
Magnesium sulfate |
Epsom salt |
Medicine |
|
|
Potassium chlorate |
Potassium perchloric acid |
Bertholet's salt |
Used in incendiary mixtures for match heads |
For example, in no case should you confuse soda Na 2 CO 3 and baking soda NaHCO3. If accidentally used as food soda instead of baking soda, you can get a severe chemical burn.
In chemistry and technology, many ancient names are still preserved. For example, caustic soda- not a salt at all, but the technical name for sodium hydroxide NaOH. If ordinary soda can be used to clean a sink or dishes, then under no circumstances should caustic soda be handled or used in everyday life!
The structure of salts is similar to the structure of the corresponding acids and bases. Below are the structural formulas of typical intermediate, acidic and basic salts.
Let us give the structure and name of the main salt, the formula of which is: 2 CO 3 – iron (III) dihydroxycarbonate. When considering the structural formula of such a salt, it becomes clear that this salt is the product of partial neutralization of iron (III) hydroxide with carbonic acid:
When you hear the word “salt”, the first association is, of course, culinary, without which any dish will seem tasteless. But this is not the only substance that belongs to the class of salt chemicals. You can find examples, composition and chemical properties of salts in this article, and also learn how to correctly form the name of any of them. Before we continue, let's agree that in this article we will only consider inorganic medium salts (obtained by the reaction of inorganic acids with complete replacement of hydrogen).
Definition and chemical composition
One definition of salt is:
- (i.e., consisting of two parts), which includes metal ions and an acid residue. That is, it is a substance resulting from the reaction of an acid and a hydroxide (oxide) of any metal.
There is another definition:
- This is a compound that is the product of the complete or partial replacement of hydrogen ions of an acid with metal ions (suitable for medium, basic and acidic).
Both definitions are correct, but do not reflect the whole essence of the process of obtaining salt.
Classification of salts
Considering the various representatives of the class of salts, you can see that they are:
- Oxygen-containing (salts of sulfuric, nitric, silicic and other acids, the acid residue of which includes oxygen and another non-metal).
- Oxygen-free, i.e. salts formed during a reaction whose residue does not contain oxygen - hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydrogen sulphide and others.
By the number of substituted hydrogens:
- Monobasic: hydrochloric, nitrogen, hydrogen iodide and others. The acid contains one hydrogen ion.
- Dibasic: Two hydrogen ions are replaced by metal ions to form a salt. Examples: sulfuric, sulphurous, hydrogen sulphide and others.
- Tribasic: in the acid composition, three hydrogen ions are replaced by metal ions: phosphoric.
There are other types of classifications based on composition and properties, but we will not discuss them, since the purpose of the article is slightly different.
Learning to name correctly
Any substance has a name that is understandable only to residents of a certain region; it is also called trivial. Table salt is an example of a colloquial name; according to international nomenclature, it will be called differently. But in a conversation, absolutely any person familiar with the nomenclature of names will easily understand that we're talking about about a substance with the chemical formula NaCl. This salt is a derivative of hydrochloric acid, and its salts are called chlorides, that is, it is called sodium chloride. You just need to learn the names of the salts given in the table below, and then add the name of the metal that formed the salt.
But the name is so easy to formulate if the metal has a constant valence. Now let’s look at the name), which has a metal with variable valence - FeCl 3. The substance is called ferric chloride. This is exactly the right name!
| Acid formula | Acid name | Acid residue (formula) | Nomenclature name | Example and trivial name |
| HCl | salt | Cl- | chloride | NaCl (table salt, rock salt) |
| HI | hydrogen iodide | I - | iodide | NaI |
| HF | hydrogen fluoride | F- | fluoride | NaF |
| HBr | hydrobromic | Br- | bromide | NaBr |
| H2SO3 | sulfurous | SO 3 2- | sulfite | Na2SO3 |
| H2SO4 | sulfuric | SO 4 2- | sulfate | CaSO 4 (anhydrite) |
| HClO | hypochlorous | ClO- | hypochlorite | NaClO |
| HClO2 | chloride | ClO2 - | chlorite | NaClO2 |
| HClO3 | hypochlorous | ClO3 - | chlorate | NaClO3 |
| HClO4 | chlorine | ClO4 - | perchlorate | NaClO4 |
| H2CO3 | coal | CO 3 2- | carbonate | CaCO 3 (limestone, chalk, marble) |
| HNO3 | nitrogen | NO 3 - | nitrate | AgNO 3 (lapis) |
| HNO2 | nitrogenous | NO 2 - | nitrite | KNO 2 |
| H3PO4 | phosphorus | PO 4 3- | phosphate | AlPO 4 |
| H2SiO3 | silicon | SiO 3 2- | silicate | Na 2 SiO 3 (liquid glass) |
| HMnO4 | manganese | MnO4- | permanganate | KMnO 4 (potassium permanganate) |
| H2CrO4 | chrome | CrO 4 2- | chromate | CaCrO4 |
| H2S | hydrogen sulfide | S- | sulfide | HgS (cinnabar) |
Chemical properties
As a class, salts are characterized by their chemical properties by the fact that they can interact with alkalis, acids, salts and more active metals:
1. When interacting with alkalis in solution, a prerequisite for the reaction is the precipitation of one of the resulting substances.
2. When interacting with acids, the reaction takes place if a volatile acid, insoluble acid or insoluble salt is formed. Examples:
- Volatile acids include carbonic acid, since it easily breaks down into water and carbon dioxide: MgCO 3 + 2HCl = MgCl 2 + H 2 O + CO 2.
- Insoluble acid - silicic acid, is formed as a result of the reaction of silicate with another acid.
- One of the signs of a chemical reaction is the formation of a precipitate. Which salts can be seen in the solubility table.
3. The interaction of salts with each other occurs only in the case of binding of ions, i.e. one of the formed salts precipitates.
4. To determine whether a reaction will occur between a metal and a salt, you need to refer to the metal voltage table (sometimes called the activity series).
Only more active metals (located to the left) can displace metal from the salt. An example is the reaction of an iron nail with copper sulfate:
CuSO 4 + Fe= Cu + FeSO 4
Such reactions are characteristic of most representatives of the salt class. But there are also more specific reactions in chemistry, the properties of the salt reflect individual properties, for example, decomposition during incandescence or the formation of crystalline hydrates. Each salt is individual and unusual in its own way.
…salt is more valuable than gold, because you can live without gold, but you can’t live without salt.
Cassiodorus Flavius Magnus Aurelius, writer and consul of ancient Rome
Among all the natural mineral salts, the most important is the one we simply call “salt.”.
A. E. Fersman, Russian geochemist and mineralogist
History of salt
Salt, like water, fire is one of those few things on Earth that are given by the Creator and Creator for the use of all humanity.
Everything in this world is either fresh or salty, it cannot be different.
Salt has been used by humans for more than 10 thousand years.
Homer called her "divine."
Salt there is a symbol of health and a symbol of death.
In Leonardo da Vinci's fresco The Last Supper, a salt shaker with salt is depicted on the table.
That’s exactly how Judas, dipping his bread in salt, pointed to Jesus to the devil, thereby betraying him.
Perhaps this is where the belief comes from that you should not give salt on the evening before church holidays and especially on the eve of Maundy Thursday.
It has been proven that salt carries positive energy.
For any ceremony: a wedding, the arrival of important guests, bread and salt are used. People are greeted with bread and salt, expressing their affection towards them with wishes for good, health, good appetite.
“Sharing bread and salt” meant enduring all the hardships in life, in friendship. Hence, if you spill salt, it will lead to a quarrel...
A good Russian proverb says: “We ate more than one pound of salt together...”.
And also the expression “ Salt of the earth"means the essence - the most important and valuable thing in this world.
Since ancient times, salt has been a kind of amulet in Rus' against hostile forces.
Salt never spoils, does not succumb to fire, and does not lose its properties when water gets into it. Maybe that’s why salt is a symbol of fidelity and constancy among most peoples. Some tribes still seal their treaties by sprinkling salt.
Without salt, human life and activity is unthinkable. Salt is always and everywhere near people.
There were times when salt was not always available to everyone, and bloody wars were fought over it. In Russia, due to high taxes on imported salt, salt riots were organized (1648).
Salt was expensive, therefore it was served only on the tables of important and dear guests, and was inaccessible to ordinary people. Hence the expression “having not taken a salty slurp” - i.e. without sitting at the festive table.
Salt is the key to life. And today salt is important for people. In any lodge - in the wildest corner of the lifeless taiga, where a person stayed, you will always find a box of matches and a jar of salt - as a symbol of survival.
For the peoples of the North, this is the first indispensable of a number of strategic products. Being the simplest and most accessible preservative, salt helps preserve food for people: fish and meat for a long, warm season.
Attitude to salt in modern world has become ambivalent.
Let's try to understand the origin table salt, what are its benefits and harms of use.
Chemical properties of table salt
The chemical formula of NACL salt is - sodium chloride, in nature the mineral gallite - powder white, odorless with a specific bitter-salty taste.
In addition to sodium chloride, table salt contains potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, iron, which are so necessary for our body.
Although it is, of course, best to replenish the body’s balance with these elements from other more healthy products. Salt is necessary for the body, but its excess is harmful!
The healing properties of salt
- It has been noticed that people working in salt mining in salt mines almost never suffer from colds and flu, they do not suffer from asthma or cough, most likely due to the fact that they breathe air saturated with rock salt vapors.
- Since ancient times, salt has been considered the key to youth and beauty. To preserve them, it was recommended to rub honey and salt into the skin.
- For pain and stomach upset, it is also recommended to drink water with salt.
- If an insect bites you, lubricate the bite area, the itching and pain will go away.
- Table salt is an excellent preservative, indispensable in pickling, preserving vegetables and other products.
- Without salt, the most important physiological processes in the human and animal bodies are impossible.
- Salt is part of the blood, lymph, saliva, gastric juice, and bile. Thanks to salt, the necessary osmotic pressure is provided, on which the normal functioning of cells depends.
- Salt is a source of hydrochloric acid, which is necessary for digestion. Thus, without salt, the process of food digestion slows down.
- Salt supplies the body with chlorine, an element it needs to maintain the acid-base balance (between potassium, sodium and chlorine). If this ratio is violated, a person experiences ailments: pressure surges, interruptions in heart function, swelling and even convulsions.
- A person cannot live without salt. Water washes away sodium nitrate along with toxins from our body, thereby disrupting the water balance inside it. After all, salt retains water in the body, which is why it is so important to eat a little salt. All travelers, inhabitants of the steppes, explorers of deserts and taiga know this.
- Calls to avoid salt in the diet generally lead to health problems. After all, then the water does not stay in the body, leaving the tissues, it washes out useful salts, which leads to osteoporosis and other ailments. That is why it is necessary to consume at least 5 grams of salt per day - 1 teaspoon.
Salt treatment
Table salt is an excellent antiseptic and can be used for purulent wounds.
Treatment of purulent wounds with table salt
So during the war, when hospitals experienced a shortage of antibiotics and dressings, an ordinary solution of table salt was used. After applying such a bandage, the wound cleared, became pink and healed quickly. The salt dressing acts locally - only on the diseased organ or area of the body. As fluid is absorbed from the subcutaneous layer, tissue fluid from deeper layers rises into it, carrying with it all pathogenic principles: microbes, viruses and organic substances.
Thus, during the action of the bandage, fluid is renewed in the tissues of the diseased body, cleansed of the pathogenic factor and, as a rule, the pathological process is eliminated.
How to prepare 8-10%% medicinal hypertonic solution for treating wounds at home
Take 1 liter of boiled water, cool to 50 degrees, add 80-100 grams of table salt, stir and soak several layers of gauze 4-5 in the solution, squeeze out a little, apply a damp cloth to the wound. You can put dry gauze on top. You cannot put polyethylene or cellophane on top, so as not to cause a greenhouse effect. You can keep the bandage on for 8-10 hours, depending on how you feel. After removing the bandage, you can wipe the wound with clean water and dry it slightly.
A bandage with a hypertonic solution of table salt acts gradually. The therapeutic result is achieved within 7-10 days, and sometimes more.
Treatment of joint pain with table salt
Table salt gives good results in relieving joint pain using the application method. Soak a bandage with a solution of a similar concentration of 10% and apply it to the sore joint; if it is your legs, you can soak socks or stockings in the solution and put them on overnight. Procedures must be completed for 7-10 days.
Treatment of toothache, pain in grief with salt
For a sore throat, stomatitis or toothache, the following recipe helps:
Dissolve half a teaspoon of salt and the same amount of soda in a glass of water and add a few drops of iodine. This solution even relieves swelling caused by dental disease, various fistulas and gum cysts.
Salt for incipient colds and nasal congestion
Having felt the first signs of the onset of the disease, you need to heat about half a pack of salt in a frying pan over high heat, pour it into a linen bag and apply it to your throat, after wrapping it with a towel or to your feet or sinuses.
It can be used while milking a baby, but care is important to avoid causing burns.
You can wash the nasal mucosa with a saline solution for a runny nose and sinusitis. You need to start with a 5% saline solution, then gradually moving to 1-2%.
Harm of table salt
As the great Paracelsus said:
“Everything is poison and everything is medicine, and only the dose distinguishes one from the other.”
Likewise, table salt can be a powerful poison. A dose of salt 10 times higher than necessary is lethal.
But a lack of salt is not the best achievement for the body. It’s not for nothing that the British say that lack of wealth is even more harmful.
The average daily intake for an adult is 10 grams (3-5 grams of salt in cold countries and up to 20 grams in hot countries). A person eats 5-6 kg of salt per year, and by age 50, half a ton.
Excessive and even simply increased consumption of salt in the diet is harmful to health due to its consequences:
- increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases,
- increases blood pressure,
- causes kidney disease
- disrupts calcium metabolism,
- promotes salt deposition, causing osteoporosis and various joint diseases.
- promotes weight gain due to water retention in the body, and also increases appetite.
As we see, here, as elsewhere in life, MEASURE is important!
Production and use of salt
Currently, the use of various salts with all kinds of additives has found application: “tasty salt”, “smoked salt”, “garlic salt”, “black salt”. The prices for these types of salt are inflated. Although they all are based on the same ordinary table salt with the addition of spices, herbs, and seasonings.
It is important to use iodized salt in our diet, which supplies our body with the iodine it needs. However, such salt retains its beneficial features only 4 months. To prolong the life of iodine, potassium is added to table salt.
Which salt is better and how to choose the right table salt
In medicine, salt is called “white death”. Proponents of alternative nutrition are calling for the elimination of table salt from people’s diets altogether. Everyone has the right to make their own decisions. I think a healthy body knows what and how much it needs. Therefore, if you are in good health, eat salt in moderation.
When choosing salt, you should pay attention to the following.
- There is rock salt (mined from lakes, without processing) and table salt, refined (boiled - evaporated during production). If we use the salt that nature has prepared for us, rock salt, then this is a blessing.
- Sea salt is healthier than industrial, artificially enriched salt.
- The iodine content in salt is important - the basis for proper functioning of the thyroid gland and brain function.
Table salt, industrially produced, contains sodium chlorine with a crystal lattice destroyed during production. When it enters the body, sodium tries to restore its structure, taking away useful elements from our body, thereby depriving them of our bones, hair, nails, and blood. This is why many doctors completely reject the use of table salt, calling it “white death.”
