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Water sports– sports related to water.

Types and distinctive features of water sports

Diving - water sport

Classes and competitions in water sports are held both outdoors and indoors - in swimming pools.

Aquatics competitions are divided into team and individual.

For some types of water sports, competitions are held at local, regional, national, international and Olympic Games. The 2015 World Aquatics Championships will be held in Russia, Tatarstan, and Kazan.

Diving. Diving - this is swimming underwater with devices that provide an autonomous supply of air. People who dive professionally are called divers or, using a term borrowed from English, divers.

Wave riding on special light boards is surfing . Sailing on a board – windsurfing , skating without a board – bodysurfing .

A regatta is a major sailing or rowing competition that includes a series of races for ships.

Olympic aquatics

Water sport - surfing

Kayaking and canoeing – rowing sport on boats such as kayaks and canoes.

Rowing slalom - kayaking and canoeing, covering at speed a distance marked by a gate, for example, a section of a rapids river or an artificial track.

Rowing - athletes sit in boats with their backs forward and row with oars.

Sailing – athletes use equipment, boats, ships or sleds driven by the wind in the sails.

Water skiing – movement on water on special skis.

Diving from a springboard or platform . Judges evaluate the performance of acrobatic elements in flight and the cleanliness of entry into the water.

Swimming – swimming at speed over various distances.

Synchronized swimming - performing various figures in the water to music.

Water polo - a team sport, a game with a ball and a goal. Takes place in the pool.

Triathlon - a sport consisting of three types of competitions: swimming, cycling, and road running.

Technical water sports

Sailing

Powerboating- a technical sport that includes high-speed competitions on motorized vessels on water.

Classes: Formula 1 - class of racing boats, as well as the name of the world championship in powerboat competition in this class. Since last year, one of the Formula 1 stages has been held in Russia, Tatarstan, and Kazan.

Jetski– This is racing on jet skis, a type of water-motor sport. World, European, Russian, regional and local championships are also held for various classes of classic sports vessels.

Ship modeling sport- a technical sport on water, including the design and construction of models of ships and vessels for sports competitions.

Vary bench competitions- competitions of desktop and operating models - self-propelled models of surface vessels and ships, submarines; high-speed cord models of arbitrary design, racing models of sailing radio-controlled yachts.

They look incredibly beautiful RC sailing yacht competitions.

Powerboating is already included in the Olympic family.

History of water sports

Water polo

Diving. Men and women of Ancient Greece dived for a sponge and held their breath. For a long time, a hollow reed was used for breathing. Now the popularity of diving is growing every year.

Story surfing began in the Hawaiian Islands thousands of years ago.

Rowing. Even in ancient times, people used floating logs, helping themselves with branches.

The birth of amateur seafaring and sailing in Russia it is associated with Peter I. On June 21, 2012, the organizers of the Volga-Kama Regatta, yachtsmen Andrei Bardin and Sergei Andreev, visited the Rotary Club of Kazan. It turns out that a significant contribution to the development of sailing in the Republic of Tatarstan was made by its first president of the republic, Mintemir Sharipovich Shaimiev.

Soviet water skiers competed at international competitions in 1967.

The first diving competitions in Russia took place in Russia in 1913.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, competitive swimming was born.

Synchronized swimming became an Olympic sport in 1984.

In Japan there was a game that was a distant relative of water polo. The participants sat astride straw barrels and drove an inflated skin, a prototype of a ball, through the water with poles.

At the end of the 19th century, self-propelled crews were created. A motor boat appeared. In 1886, the German engineer G. Daimler built and tested the world's first boat, the Neckar.

In 1925, a motorboat section was created in Moscow and competitions were held.

Since the 17th century, people on Earth have taken the creation of ship models seriously, considering them works of art.

Look

Today there are many water sports: water skiing, wakeboarding, windsurfing, SUP boarding, etc. Some people like calm waters, while others prefer huge waves and rough currents. In this article we will tell you about most popular water sports in more detail, and you can choose the most suitable one for yourself.

Windsurfing

Windsurfing is a type of sailing that involves steering a light board on the water with a sail installed on it. There is no rudder on a sailing ship, so control is carried out by turning and tilting the mast with the sail in relation to the wind with your hands, as well as by directing the board itself with the keel and fin legs installed on it. The direction of movement and speed depend on the position of the sail relative to the wind.

There are several disciplines in windsurfing. You can ride both on calm surfaces and on waves, performing various interesting tricks. Windsurfing is possible in any wind force, but there are two main ways to move:

Displacement mode: here the board is kept afloat by the Archimedes force and is partially submerged in water. The speed of movement in this way is relatively low, since there is a lot of water resistance.

Planing mode: the board is held on the surface of the water due to the buoyant force of the flow. Planing is possible with a fairly high wind force - from 6-7 m/s and at a fairly high speed. However, experienced riders can plan with a fairly wide sail and wind strength of only 3-4 m/s.

At the moment, windsurfing is gaining more and more popularity and is not only a spectacular sport, but also excellent entertainment for a wide range of people.

SUP boarding

It is rapidly gaining momentum in the field of water sports. This sport is very diverse, because you can ride a board in a variety of ways, both standing, on your knees or sitting. SUP boards are quite stable, so for those who have never tried to ride them, the first swim will not be difficult. And the listed advantages are far from the only ones. There are several types of SUP boards and we will tell you more about each of them:

Universal - these SUP boards are light in weight and are suitable for beginners and those who want to travel along calm bodies of water, close to the shore.

Touring (tourist) ones are larger, more rigid and can support even 2-3 people or a tourist with all the equipment. Designed for long swims. These SUP boards are subject to increased requirements for technical equipment, strength and safety.

Racing boats have a special bullet shape that creates the least resistance when moving and allows you to develop greater speed while maintaining the strength of the rower. Such SUP boards are usually much longer and thinner than universal or touring boards. Racing boards are designed with maximum speed in mind, even at the expense of stability or a comfortable finish.

For yoga - inflatable SUP boards for relaxation or fitness on any body of water. The design of yoga boards combines stability and dynamic paddling. Such SUP boards are popular not only for individual training, but you can also easily link several pieces together and organize a group lesson.

For fishing - stable boards with air cushions on the sides, which are equipped with a number of necessary equipment: a spacious refrigerator for fish (or beer), compartments for fishing accessories, mounts for fishing rods and seats.

Snorkeling

Snorkeling is a type of swimming under the surface of the water with a mask, snorkel and fins. With such equipment, you will be able to observe the underwater world for a long time without making much effort. Snorkeling is a fairly popular activity, especially among children who dive underwater with great interest to see shells, pebbles and other details at the bottom. The diving spots are where snorkeling will be the most interesting. You will be able to observe coral reefs, sea turtles, fish and other inhabitants, and when swimming under the sandy bottom, you can see flatfish such as stingrays and flounder.

Kneeboarding

It is an unusual water sport, since the position of the rider during riding cannot be called “typical”. The board is designed for riding behind a boat or on a winch, but unlike a wakeboard, the athlete is in a kneeling position. Hence the name “kneeboard”, which comes from the English words “knee” - knee and “board” - board.

Skimboarding

Skimboarding can be called a mixture of surfing and skateboarding. This is a young water sport and differs from surfing in that a person does not have to swim far to catch a wave. The skiing itself takes place within the coast. In order to ride a board, you need to run on land and, jumping on the board, slide across the water or wet sand, performing simple or complex tricks.

Bodyboarding

A bodyboard is a board designed for riding in a prone position on coastal waves. Bodyboarding doesn't require a lot of equipment. Fins are most often used to assist in skating to facilitate rowing and control, since there are no fins on the bottom of the board. Riding a bodyboard is quite simple. For example, surfing requires certain skills, while on a bodyboard you can catch a wave on the first try. If the wave is too big, then you need to dive under it so as not to be carried back to the shore and it is best to start when the wave is approximately two meters from you.

Diving

Diving is one of the most popular ways to relax with the whole family or with friends. Diving brings a lot of positive emotions, because diving underwater will allow you to get a good look at the underwater world and get a closer look at marine life. At the same time, every healthy person can engage in diving. The list of restrictions is small. Currently, diving is very popular among the population. Both adults and children explore the water world. Having tried diving, people cannot imagine a vacation without diving underwater, because every time you get to know new places, as if you are in a parallel world, which has its own inhabitants and attractions. There is a misconception that diving is a difficult activity that requires a lot of preparation, but this is not so. People receive a certificate after 3-4 days of training. After this, you and your friend can explore the underwater world and watch it in all its glory!

Water skiing

They are similar in appearance to running ones, but they still have differences. Water skis are wider, since the main thing for an athlete is to stay afloat, so for a beginner it is better to use the widest skis for training, as they are more stable.

There are several types of water skis, primarily singles (slalom monoskis) and pairs. Some inexpensive pair touring skis come with a special rear leg loop so that the athlete can learn slalom skiing without purchasing separate, expensive equipment.

Water skiing is divided into several disciplines: ski jumping, figure skating and slalom. Each discipline requires specialized skis. Figure skating skis are short, wide and have curves at both ends for performing certain tricks; jumping - long, wide and with great demands on aerodynamics and balance in the air; a slalom monoski is narrower, stiffer and longer for performing sharp maneuvers on the water. It is better for a beginner to learn on paired recreational skis. Such skis are more versatile and stable and, as we wrote above, some paired skis allow you to master slalom skiing.

Wakeboarding

– one of the most popular and extreme water activities. It involves riding on a special board on the surface of the water behind a boat or on a winch, holding on to a halyard. This is a very spectacular sport! During movement, the athlete performs jumps, flips in the air or elements of slalom.

The best way to learn this sport is in wake parks with instructors, where professionals will select the necessary equipment for wakeboarding. Typically, training begins with learning how to move on the surface of the water, so that you get used to the wakeboard and can learn more complex elements. Learning to jump and slide on figures in the park in the early stages is too dangerous, so it’s better to take care of safety first. Don't forget about your life jacket and helmet because falls are inevitable at first.

Wakesurfing

A fairly young and spectacular sport that is rapidly gaining momentum in urban environments, as it is ideal for recreation and entertainment away from the Ocean. Wakesurfing is similar to wakeboarding, but the ride takes place without bindings and a halyard. To do this, the boat is specially loaded with ballast on one side in order to increase the height and length of the wake wave. The athlete starts holding the halyard, and then simply releases it, moving onto the wave from the boat. Wakesurfing is not easy for beginners, but the thrill of riding a wave from a boat with friends sitting and cheering you on is worth the practice

Wakeskating

Wakeskating is a new type of water sport that can be classified as extreme and is very similar to wakeboarding. Essentially, a wakeskate is a wakeboard without bindings. The rider also holds on to a halyard from a towing boat or a winch in a wake park, but the main difference is that instead of fastenings for the legs, the board has a regular skin like on a skateboard. And you can wear your favorite sneakers, not attached to the board in any way.

Kayaking

Kayaking is an active water sport that involves riding on water while sitting in a boat called a kayak. Managing it is quite simple. The kayak has a narrow hull, long length and pointed ends to cut through the water surface as quickly as possible. There is one kayak paddle with two blades at both ends.

Kayaking is also suitable for those who want to just relax and unwind on the surface of the lake and enjoy the views. But still, a kayak cannot be called just a boat, which is intended only for walking on various bodies of water. Professionals often go rafting along difficult routes with river rapids and even waterfalls. Tourist swims usually take place in calmer currents; you just need to be prepared for the fact that you will have to row an oar for a long time.

Flyboarding

Flyboarding is a modern, technically complex sport that in a short time has become very popular among a wide range of people, because you can literally soar in the air! I wonder how? Water jet boots, attached to the platform on which the person stands, allow one to take off and move around. The direction of movement can be controlled by changing the inclination of the feet. With the help of a flyboard you can fly up to 10 meters and perform various tricks. From the outside, such entertainment looks truly incredible. Not everyone can take off the first time, because many fall back into the water, but with practice you will definitely succeed and in the future you will not be able to imagine a vacation without such an attraction.

Hydrofoiling

Hydrofoil is a hydrofoil that is installed instead of fins on almost any water sports board - wakeboard, wakesurf, kiteboard, windsurf and even SUP board. The advantage is that you will absolutely not feel not only vibrations from the chop, but also no friction of the board on the water at all. It will seem like you are floating in the air! The principle of hydrofoil control is quite simple: if you tilt your body back and press on the board with your back foot, it will rise higher on the wave. If you tilt your body forward and press on the board with your front foot, the board will sink further under the water. The main thing is to learn to balance and then controlling the hydrofoil will not be a torment for you, but a pleasure.

Swimming is an Olympic water sport, which consists of overcoming various distances by swimming and in the shortest time. Regardless of the type of swimming, a swimmer is allowed to swim no more than 15 meters underwater (at the start or after a turn).

History of the origin and development of swimming

The widespread finds of archaeologists indicate that people learned to swim a very long time ago. Rather, learning to swim was initiated by foraging and warfare.

In 1515, the first swimming competitions were held in Venice. In 1869, the first amateur swimming school was opened in England (the Association of Amateur Sports Swimming of England). A little later, similar schools appeared in Sweden, Germany, Hungary, France, the Netherlands, the USA, New Zealand, Russia, Italy and Austria.

At the end of the 19th century, there was a surge in the popularity of water sports, a prerequisite for this was the appearance of artificial swimming pools.

From 1896 to the present day, swimming has been included in the program of the Olympic Games. In 1899, a major championship was held among European countries, which was called the “European Championship”.

In 1908, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) developed and fixed the main distances for competitions, as well as the procedure for conducting swims.

Swimming styles in the pool

There are 4 styles in competitive swimming:

Crawl is the fastest type of swimming, which is characterized by alternating and symmetrical movements of the arms and legs. Each hand makes a wide stroke along the axis of the swimmer's body, while the legs alternately rise and fall.

The back crawl is a swimming style that is visually very similar to the regular crawl. The athlete also performs alternate strokes with his arms with alternate raising and lowering of his legs, but swims on his back and carries a straight arm over the water.

Breaststroke is a type of swimming in which the athlete lies on his chest and performs symmetrical movements with his arms and legs in a plane that is parallel to the water surface.

Butterfly is one of the most technically difficult and tiring swimming events. When moving in butterfly, the athlete makes a wide and powerful stroke, lifting the swimmer's body above the water, and the legs and pelvis make wave-like movements. It is considered the second fastest after the crawl.

There is freestyle swimming, which is usually understood as a discipline in which the athlete is allowed to swim in any way. Currently, all athletes use the crawl style, as it is the fastest style.

Pool

A swimming pool is a rectangular bathtub designed for water sports. For sport swimming, the dimensions of the pool should be:

50 meters long and 25 meters wide (for paths 2.5 meters wide);
50 meters long and 21 meters wide (for 10 tracks 2 meters wide);
25 meters long and 16 meters wide (for 8 tracks 1.9 meters wide);
25 meters long and 11 meters wide (for 6 tracks 1.75 meters wide);
25 meters long and 8.5 meters wide (for 5 tracks 1.6 meters wide).

According to FINA rules, baths must be 50 meters long and 25 meters wide. The pool should be divided into 8 lanes.

The stripes of paths are separated from each other by dividing garlands of floats with a diameter of 5-15 cm. The first and last 5 meters of each of them consist of red floats. The rest of the space is filled with green floats for tracks 1 and 8, blue for tracks 2, 3, 6 and 7, and yellow for tracks 4 and 5.

The water temperature should be between 25 - 29 degrees.

Equipment

Swimming equipment is designed to provide maximum comfort and also reduce water resistance. Swimming equipment includes:

A swimming cap is a headgear for swimming in water that protects the swimmer’s hair from chlorinated water. Swimming caps are available: latex, silicone, fabric and combined.
Swimming trunks or sports swimsuit - swimming briefs made of a special material (polyamide with the addition of lycra or a mixture of polyester and PBT).
Swimming goggles are an accessory for sports swimming, which is designed to ensure normal vision under water and also protect the eyes from chlorine fumes.

Judging in swimming

The chief judge is responsible for conducting swimming competitions and also heads the panel of judges.

Starter - calls athletes to the start, checks the correctness of the occupied starting positions and gives the command to start.

Timekeeper - measures the time of a swimmer on a certain track from start to finish.

Finish judge - determines the order in which participants arrive at the finish line, in the absence of an automated system for determining winners.

Turn Judge - determines the correctness of turns on the lane assigned to him.

Technical judge - monitors the technique of performing the appropriate swimming style.

Competition system

At modern official competitions there are morning and evening programs. The morning program includes preliminary heats, the results of which determine the participants in the semi-finals and finals (evening program).

The presentation “Water Sports” is intended to be shown at an introductory lesson on the topic: “Swimming” in order to get acquainted with a group of sports that take place on the water. From the presentation, students learn that the main water sports are: swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo, underwater sports, kayaking and canoeing, sailing, etc. After becoming familiar with each type of water sport, students understand that

synchronized swimming is the most beautiful type of water sport because all movements in swimming are very beautiful;

water polo is like football, only in the water and goals are scored there too;

Jumping into the water, according to the students, is very interesting, they themselves love to jump into the water at sea. Kayaking and canoeing is an interesting sport and some students wanted to enroll in a section and try their hand at this sport. I was especially interested in Surfing. The students came to the conclusion that they like all water sports, as they are not only interesting, but also healthy.

Water sports

Water sports are a group of sports that take place on the water. Main water sports: swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, water polo, underwater sports, kayaking and canoeing, sailing, etc.

Swimming.

Since his appearance on Earth, man has always been associated with water. It was in the valleys of the great rivers - the Nile, Tigris and Euphrates, Yellow River and Yangtze, Indus and Ganges - that human civilization arose. Water was of great importance in the life of primitive people, which was the reason for the deification of this element, which instilled a feeling of admiration and fear in a person who was still weak in the fight against nature. The cult of water has existed among almost all peoples since ancient times. One of the main Olympic gods, the ruler of the seas among the ancient Greeks was Poseidon; much later (III century BC) among the ancient Romans he began to be identified with Neptune. The enormous importance of water in people's lives required adaptation to this unusual environment. After all, when a person first gets into the water, he drowns. Therefore, swimming is a vital skill associated with mastering the aquatic environment and the ability to move around in it. The ability to swim sometimes became decisive during wars - especially during naval battles. The Egyptians widely used swimming in everyday life. Special training in swimming in the Nile was a privilege of the nobility, obligatory for the children of the pharaohs. On the tomb of the ruler Seti, who lived in Ancient Egypt 2.5 thousand years BC, there is an inscription: “He gave me swimming lessons along with the royal children.” In ancient Greece, the ability to swim was also valued. True, swimming was not included in the program of the ancient Olympic Games. However, from 1300t. BC, during the Isthmian Games and the annual festivities in Hermione in honor of the sea lord Poseidon, they competed in swimming and playing music.

Many of the first swimming competitions were of a clearly applied nature. An example is the mass competitions of the ancient Slavs on the Pochaina River, a tributary of the Dnieper, where the best swimmers and divers gathered. They all jumped into the river at the same time and had to catch fish with their hands for a certain time. The one who managed to catch the largest fish was declared the winner and received a silk fishing net as a reward.

In the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries. The first swimming schools were created in Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and France. Swimming is a compulsory discipline in military educational institutions.

In the 17th century Swimming training was introduced in Russian troops. The military manual “Teaching how soldiers can wield weapons” emphasizes the need for every soldier to be able to swim and instructs to take the necessary measures to organize swimming training. Under Peter I, swimming was introduced into the number of academic disciplines at the Naval Academy and the Imperial Land Cadet Corps.

The impetus for the further development of navigation in European countries was the fact that significant losses in the Napoleonic wars were drowned. The experience of the Patriotic War of 1812 (and subsequently the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945) showed that the most fierce battles took place on water lines. The massive crossing by troops of such high-water rivers as the Dnieper, Don, Bug, Neman, Danube, Vistula, and Oder became an example of military art. The ability to swim and stay on the water in uniform and with weapons contributed to the successful conduct of combat operations and saving the lives of soldiers.

Already at the beginning of the 19th century. swimming was studied in military schools in many European countries. In addition, various societies and clubs for swimming enthusiasts began to appear. The first swimming school was founded in 1785 in Paris. By the end of the 19th century, swimming gained great popularity as a sport.

In 1890, the European Swimming Championship was held for the first time, and in 1896 it was included in the program of the first modern Olympic Games.

In Russia, the first swimming school opened in 1827 on the Neva. And in 1834, in St. Petersburg, near the Summer Garden, a public swimming school was opened, led by a gymnastics teacher, Gustaf Pauli, who arrived from Sweden. There they were taught to swim “like a frog on the belly”, “on the back”, “on the side”, “like a dog”, “in fathoms”, with a weapon, as well as rescuing drowning people. Among its regulars were Pushkin, Vyazemsky, Pleshcheev

The first modern sports competitions in Russia were held in 1894 by the St. Petersburg swimming circle in Pavlovsk, on the Slavyanka River. Indoor swimming pools were built in the Moscow Central Baths, three years later - in the famous Sanduny, and in 1902 - at the Kiev Cadet Corps.

In 1889 The first international swimming competitions took place in Budapest with the participation of swimmers from Hungary, Austria, Germany and Sweden. In 1896, swimming was included in the program of the first modern Olympic Games, which had a great influence on its further development.

The popularity of swimming in the world, its inclusion in the program of the Olympic Games and the desire to integrate national swimmers' unions led to the creation of the International Amateur Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1908, which served to further develop this sport and expand its representation in the Olympic program. Now FINA unites more than 120 national federations.

When moving in water, almost all the muscles of the body work. Swimming helps develop endurance and coordination of movements. This is an effective means of strengthening the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The practical value of swimming is also great. Every person should be able to swim long distances and provide assistance to someone in distress on the water. It is no coincidence that even in ancient times, swimming was considered one of the main signs of culture.

Currently, the following methods are used in competitive swimming: front crawl, back crawl, breaststroke and butterfly.

Breast crawl is the fastest way for a person to move in water.
With well-mastered crawl movements, you can swim long distances and not feel muscle fatigue. Rhythmic breathing creates favorable conditions for sufficient oxygen saturation of the blood.

Backstroke crawl as a sporting method of swimming was included in the program
Olympic Games in 1904. At first, only men competed in this type of swimming. But since 1924, women began to swim on their backs.

Swimming is one of the most popular and widespread sports. Swimming can rightfully be classified as a folk sport on a par with wrestling, fist fighting, skiing and running, because it is closely related to the work, life and military activities of people.

MY OPINION.

I really like this sport because I myself love swimming, and at the children’s camp the guys and I swam races.

Synchronized swimming

Synchronized swimming is a sport associated with performing various figures in the water to music. Synchronized swimming is one of the most sophisticated and elegant of all sports. However, despite the apparent ease, it is very demanding - in addition to the fact that athletes experience serious physical stress, they need to have not only endurance, but also flexibility, grace, honed skill and exceptional breathing control.

Originally known as water ballet, synchronized swimming originated in Canada in the 1920s. In the next decade, it spread to the United States, where it received rave reviews after demonstration performances at the Chicago World's Fair in 1934. Synchronized swimming gained even more popularity after Esther Williams demonstrated spectacular underwater acrobatics to moviegoers in the fifties, which helped her make a smooth transition from synchronized swimming to the film business.

Demonstration performances in synchronized swimming appeared at the Olympic Games back in 1948 and remained there for twenty years. Only in 1984, at the games in Los Angeles, did they receive the status of a full-fledged Olympic sport: then singles and doubles competitions were presented

Until now, only girls perform in synchronized swimming; two sets of Olympic medals are awarded - among duets and in team competitions. Olympic competitions began to be held according to this scheme in 1996.

Ideally, synchronized swimming should combine the beauty of form and content. Athletes through hard training try to achieve perfection and synchronization of graceful movements. Very specific but vital technical equipment allows athletes to maintain this illusion of lightness, although it is sometimes very difficult to control their movements and breathing while being upside down under water for several minutes. Clips on the nose protect synchronized swimmers from getting water into their lungs, which allows them to stay under water for a very long time. Gelatin preserves girls' hairstyles, and cosmetics have their own characteristics, not being washed off in water under any circumstances.
Underwater speakers play a very important role - they allow athletes to clearly hear music even while they are underwater, which greatly helps them achieve maximum synchrony in their actions.

MY OPINION
I think that synchronized swimming is the most beautiful type of water sport because all the movements in swimming are very beautiful.

Water polo

WATER POLO, (from the English water polo) is a sports team game with a ball in a pool, the participants of which, moving in the water, strive through individual and collective actions to score a goal against the opponent.

Water polo is one of the oldest team sports and was included in the Olympic Games in 1900. To stay afloat, athletes use a special technique of moving their legs, somewhat reminiscent, they say, of beating an egg with a mixer. Water polo players are considered the most athletic athletes.
Players attempt to throw the ball into their opponents' goal over four 7-minute periods. If a player breaks a rule within 4 meters of the goal, his team is penalized with a 4-meter penalty throw. A team receives two points for a win and one point for a draw.

Water polo originated in Great Britain in the late 1860s. The very name “water polo” (English: water polo) arose by analogy with horse polo. Among the predecessors of modern “water polo” was a game in which participants swam astride barrels, pushing off from the bottom with poles, and hit the ball with them - later horse heads and tails were attached to the barrels, hence “polo”. Then they abandoned the barrels, but played no goal: the object of the game was to swim to a boat (or raft) and place the ball there. Over time, the boats were replaced by gates, although the gates, like the goalkeeper who protected them, were located on land - until they moved into the water. In America back then they made do with gates painted on the wall of the pool.

The lack of uniform rules caused a lot of inconvenience to the players and slowed down the development of the game. The first water polo rules were developed in 1876 by Scotsman Wills Wilson. In 1885, the English Swimming Federation officially recognized water polo as an independent sport and approved updated rules (which, however, were also far from perfect and determined only general - mainly organizational - aspects of the game). And 5 years later the first international match took place, in which the England team lost to the Scots 0:4 (and in the following games 1890-1900 Scotland won more often).

The international recognition of water polo has been rapid. Very soon it gained fans in continental Europe (Germany, Sweden, Austria and other countries) and the USA, and already in 1900 the new game became an Olympic sport. At first (in 1900 - 1904), water polo was presented at the Olympics as a demonstration discipline, and at the 1908 Olympics it was included in the official program. During the games in London, the International Amateur Swimming Federation (FINA) was created, which approved international rules for several water sports, including water polo. This, as well as Olympic recognition, contributed to the further spread of the game and strengthening contacts between water polo players from different countries. In the late 1920s, the International Water Polo Committee was created under this federation.

At first, this sport was considered and was only for men, but then women began to enjoy it as well. And now not only men participate in the Olympic Games.

Rules of the game: only 14 people must participate in the game, each team has 7. You must play four periods of 7 minutes of pure time with breaks that should last 2 minutes. You can swim in any way, but you can only throw with one hand; only the goalkeeper can play with both.

If the rules were broken, then either the ball was passed to the opponent, or the participant who broke the rules was removed “from the field of battle”, or he had to throw a 4-meter free throw.

MY OPINION

Water polo is like football, only in the water and goals are scored there too.

Diving

The history of diving begins many centuries before the present day. Paintings on ancient monuments, stones and vases depicting a man jumping into water have been preserved. Diving began to develop in the 17th century, when gymnasts, practicing exercises, did it over water. The first who began to take swimming seriously were the British. The first diving competitions began to be held after 1800.

Diving is included in the program. To the program diving included for the first time onand since then they have been constantly present at the Olympics.

The first diving competitions took place in Russia in 1913.

The USSR diving championship was first held in 1923, and since 1928, diving began to be included in the program of all-Union sports competitions.

In 1952, the All-Union Diving Federation was formed (before that, a special section operated within the structure of the USSR Swimming Federation). That same year, Soviet jumpers made their debut at the Olympic Games.

At the competitions, springboard (1 and 3 meters) and platform (5, 7.5 and 10 meters) jumps are performed. During the jump, athletes perform a number of acrobatic actions (turns, screws, rotations). The judges evaluate both the quality of performance of acrobatic elements in the flight phase and the cleanliness of entry into the water. At synchronized jumping competitions, the synchronization of the elements performed by two participants is also assessed.

Synchronized jumping appeared in the Games program in. Currently, the Olympic program includes 8 sets of medals, 4 sets each are played out for men and women in 3-meter springboard diving (singles and synchronized) and 10-meter platform (singles and synchronized). The program of the World and European Championships consists of 10 competitions, additionally including individual meter springboard jumping.

Synchronized jumps. Synchronized jumping was first demonstrated in the early 1970s at demonstration performances. The initiators of the “pair jumps” were Soviet athletes.

Women made their debut at the Olympics in 1912 - in platform diving. Since 1920 they have also competed in ski jumping.

Projectiles:

Springboard– a special spring board 4.8 m long and 0.5 m wide, one end of which is fixed to the side of the pool. When jumping from a springboard, the athlete first swings on it and then pushes off powerfully, receiving additional acceleration from the springboard. It has an anti-slip coating along its entire length. Installed at a height of 1 or 3 m above the water level.

Tower– a structure with several platforms at different heights: 1, 3, 5, 7.5 and 10 m. The width of each platform is 2, the length is 6 m. The edge of the platform (as well as the front edge of the springboard) protrudes beyond the edge of the pool no less than by 1.5 m.

Types of jumps:

There are several groups into which all sports jumps are classified -

Racks:

Front (facing the water);

Rear (back to the water);

Handstand.

Availability of run-up:

Standing jump;

Running jump.

Body position:

Bent over - straight legs connected together;

Bent over - the torso is bent at the waist, legs are straight;

In a tuck, the knees are pulled together towards the body, the hands clasp the lower part of the legs.

Turns and screws:

Half-turn - a jump with body rotation around the transverse axis by 180 degrees;

Turn - a jump with body rotation around the transverse axis by 360 degrees, Half-screw - a jump with body rotation around the longitudinal axis by 180 degrees;

Screw - a jump with body rotation around the longitudinal axis by 360 degrees.

MY OPINION

Diving is very interesting, I even jumped into the water myself.

Rowing

The history of the development of kayaking and canoeing is rich in large and small events. This story begins many millennia BC - from the time when a person dared to go out onto the water, using a tree, a bunch of twigs or reeds as a means of transportation along it. At first, the role of oars and rudder was performed by arms or legs, later by branches.

In 1867, the Royal English Canoe Club organized the first canoe regatta, and in 1874 established prizes for the winners of the annual Challenge Cup rowing regattas and sailing canoe competitions. By 1885, kayaking competitions in many parts of Europe, where rowing clubs had been established by that time, took the form of official regattas.

In Russia, the first rowing club was organized by residents of the Neva coastal strip in St. Petersburg, who had been involved in the “Sailor of All Trades” rowing club since 1858. In 1860, this circle received an official charter and was renamed the St. Petersburg River Yacht Club, which developed rowing on academic and folk vessels and kayaks.
The specificity of the development of kayak rowing in Russia (and then in the USSR) was in parallel with the development of the so-called folk rowing (on boats and half-boats, the construction of which began in the 60s in St. Petersburg). The river yacht club held competitions almost every year on the Neva and its delta on the Middle Nevka. The first such competitions, on July 31, 1860, involved prototypes of kayaks - “water skis”, which were rowed while sitting on a raised platform with a long kayak oar. Wooden kayaks of clinker construction first participated in these competitions in 1871 (among men). Since 1885, women began to start in the races.

MY OPINION

Kayaking and canoeing is an interesting sport and I also want to try it.

Surfing

The history of surfing began in the Hawaiian Islands hundreds, maybe even thousands of years ago. In those distant times, it was a noble occupation, available to a select few. Hawaiian kings and queens reigned supreme on the water as well as on land. They did everything possible to ensure that surfing was only their exclusive privilege, and that this entertainment was inaccessible to mere mortals.

Attempts by ordinary people to encroach on what was considered the property of kings were cruelly punished by death. It must be said that the first boards were made from solid wood, and only a narrow circle of initiates mastered this art.

Hawaiian royalty could afford to organize wave rides on a grand scale. The giant boards that the kings rode (there were three types for different conditions) ranged from 9 to 18 feet in length (2.7-5.5 m) and were so heavy that they were left on the beach - no one wanted to carry them home and back, and even more so, no one was simply able to steal them. Competitions were held regularly, where heated battles broke out. Hundreds of spectators gathered on the shore, placing bets on the winners.

Surfing wasn't just fun. If the king fell from the board, he certainly fell from the throne. The authority of the ruler was largely influenced by his ability to show himself on the waves. Due to the importance of surfing, the approach to it was appropriate. The priests called upon the most rebellious, long and high waves, using spells, ritual dances, thousand-year-old statistics and signs.

The appearance of white people in Hawaii with their rigid Christian dogmas almost led to the death of surfing, which lost its nobility and prestige. Surfing was part of traditional Hawaiian culture, and for this reason it was declared by God-fearing Christians to be a diabolical activity, worthy of persecution and reproach.

In the 19th century, interest in surfing waned significantly. The sport almost completely disappeared in Tahiti and New Zealand, but continued to exist in Hawaii. The reason for this decline was the arrival of foreigners to the islands, who brought with them their culture, traditions and habits, including sports.

Surfing was born as a pagan rite of conquering the elements. Continued its existence as an attribute of greatness and nobility. Survived its decline as sinful excess. Has been revived as a romantic adventure. It blossomed as the destiny of the strongest and bravest. Then, like many other phenomena, it turned into an industry.

Princess Surfer

In the 90s of the last century, one of the last natural surfers was the Hawaiian princess Ka'iulani. The last representative of the old school of Waikiki (an area on the coast of Hawaii) rode a long board - “olo”. Ka'iulani was the niece of the last representatives of the ruling dynasty in Hawaii and at the same time the daughter of Governor Archibald Cleghorn. Therefore, she went to get higher education in England. Traveling around Europe, the “savage” surprised the local nobility as an outstanding linguist, musician, artist, horseman, swimmer and surfer. The princess did not hesitate to demonstrate her art off the coast of Foggy Albion, revealing this fascinating activity to the high society of Europe.

MY OPINION

I'm interested in surfing and want to learn.

Underwater sports

Underwater sports- a group of water sports that may include speed swimming and diving, underwater orienteering, and shooting sports.

Diving - translated from English means diving, scuba diving. The English word diving has now firmly entered the Russian language and has become popular among submariners. The beginning of mass diving as a form of entertainment and sport was laid by Jacques-Yves Cousteau. It is to him and his friend, the French engineer Gagnan, that we owe the creation of scuba gear. The advent of Jacques Cousteau's autonomous scuba gear is associated with the creation of international federations and associations, which now have millions of fans and enthusiasts all over the world.

The history of the human desire to explore the depths of the sea knows four main “methods” of diving, among which scuba diving was the last to be born. The first was breath-hold diving, also known as free diving and skin diving. These forms of diving are still used for both sporting and commercial purposes (such divers include Japanese and Korean divers or, for example, pearl divers of the Tuamoto archipelago). During skin diving, the diver's air cavities are compressed throughout the dive by increasing water pressure. Each such dive is limited by several factors, among which the most important are the time of holding the breath and the lack of oxygen. As a rule, this is a minute or less.

The next method of diving under water is diving in a chamber - an air bell, box, etc. The chambers made it possible to maintain approximately atmospheric pressure around the diver and prevent water pressure from affecting the human body.

Sailing

Sailing is a competition on sports sailing vessels that are propelled by the wind, or on cruising yachts (hence the name yachting) over various distances along a given route. The origin of navigation and sailing in Russia is associated with the name of Peter I. Although it is reliably known that earlier the peoples inhabiting the current territory of our state were well acquainted with the sail and used small sailing ships for trade relations.

Sailing undoubtedly received its development in those countries where it was convenient to practice this sport based on their geographical location.

The first international sailing union was founded in

Water sports involve physical exercise or exertion on or under water. Swimming is not only the oldest form of physical training, but also a way of human movement to overcome distances, search for food or for military purposes. The very first images of swimming people date back to the 3rd century BC. e.

Over time, several water sports disciplines were born from the human ability to float in water, from scuba diving to surfing. From the ability of people to move on various watercraft, several types of sports competitions on water using technology also emerged - from kayaking to racing in sailing regattas.

Water sports vary:

by venue:

in open water areas;
in indoor swimming pools.

by composition of participants:

team events;
single disciplines.

by methods:

without using equipment;
using devices and technology.

Swimming

This is the oldest of water sports, which has powerful healing and hardening effects. You can start swimming from infancy; it is recommended for pregnant women, elderly people and even patients with a wide variety of diseases: cardiovascular, diseases of the joints, spine, respiratory system, hypertension, obesity. Judging by the information of historians, the first swimming competitions took place at the end of the 15th century in Venice.

Types of swimming:

Sports – competitions according to certain distances and rules.
Gaming – water activities: water aerobics, water yoga, aquashaping, etc.
Applied – training in techniques for rescuing drowning people.
Figured or synchronized - acrobatic formations of various compositions in the water.

Swimming styles:

The crawl is the most popular technique for competitions where you need to achieve maximum speed. Swimming is performed face down, with circular swings of the arms alternately along the body, and scissor-style movements with the legs.
Breaststroke is the best style for beginners. Swimming is also face down, the arms are spread out at the same time in a circle from each other, the legs make a “frog” movement simultaneously with the arms - parallel to the water.
Butterfly is the most difficult type of style. Swimming on your chest, arms make wide strokes - the movements are similar to a butterfly flapping its wings. The body body rises above the water. The legs move like in breaststroke.
Backstroke is an ideal sport for those who have problems with the spine. The movements are similar to the crawl, only it is performed on the back, and not so fast in pace.

Diving

Also the oldest type of water exercise. Fishermen, pearl divers, warriors, etc. jumped into the water from the shore, ship, or rock. The first mention of jumping into water was recorded in Swiss literature in the 16th century. Today this discipline is on the list of Olympic sports. During competitions, athletes perform various acrobatic actions while jumping. Judges' points are awarded for acrobatic skill and cleanliness of entry into the water, and for pair jumps - the synchronization of the athletes' actions.

Jumping into the water is performed from various equipment:

towers 5–10 m high, has several platforms of different levels with protruding edges;
springboard 1–3 m - a spring board on which the athlete swings, pushes off from it and jumps, receiving acceleration.

A tough contact game, which is also called “water polo”. One of the Olympic team aquatics sports. The game takes place in a pool with a depth of 1.8 m. Opponents must score balls into each other’s goal within a certain period of time. To stay afloat, water polo players must constantly move their legs, which is similar to beating eggs with a mixer.

Rules of the game:

Each team has 13 players.
Only 7 people from one team participate, the rest are in reserve.
The game consists of four periods of 7 minutes with breaks of 2 minutes.
All participants wear caps tied under the chin with protective ear protectors against ball impacts. On both sides of the cap is the participant’s number.
Goalkeepers at the gates wear red caps, different in color from the caps of the participants in the game. They are marked with the number 1.
The referees give instructions using blue and white flags.
Water polo players, except goalkeepers, do not have the right to touch the ball with both hands; the game is played with one hand.
Prohibited: Holding an opponent and the ball underwater. For gross mistakes - removal from the game for 20 seconds.

Many rules of water polo have been transferred to other types of water polo: children's water polo, beach water polo or mini-polo.

Synchronized swimming

A water sport in which a team of female athletes (rarely solo performances) perform synchronized movements and figures to music in a pool, presenting the audience with an artistic symbiosis of swimming, gymnastics, acrobatics and even choreography.

Scientists consider the ancient Greek round dances of young people in sea water during various holidays to be the ancestor of this discipline. A type closer to modern artistic swimming originated in Canada in the 20s of the 20th century under the name “water ballet”.

In 1984, synchronized swimming was included in the program of the Olympic Games. Currently, figure swimming has become almost a women's sport. Although the first synchronized swimmers were male swimmers at figure swimming competitions in Germany in 1891.

Features of synchronized swimming:

Large loads require good health and confidence, the ability to hold your breath under water for up to 1 minute.
Spectacular swimming requires bright, shiny suits, waterproof makeup, and gelatin treatment of hair to preserve hairstyles.
In addition to performing acrobatic movements, athletes must listen to music underwater through speakers.

Rowing moved from an applied activity to a sporting activity in the 12th century, when the first river races were held on the Thames in England. Today's Olympic sports include rowing, kayaking and canoeing. Each of these disciplines uses its own watercraft, oars and equipment.

What are the differences between types of rowing?

Kayaks and canoes:

boats are light, long and narrow;
rowers - 1-2 people per boat.

Difference between kayak and canoe:

by design:

in kayaks there is an oar with two blades and a rudder;
in a canoe - a paddle with one blade.

by technique:

in kayaks - rowers swim using one oar, but from both sides;
in a canoe - the athlete stands half-sitting on one knee and works with one oar on the right or left, as desired.

Rowing:

Boats - there are no clear design requirements. They are divided by type:

Swing (with one oar for the rower).
Pairs (with two oars).
According to the number of athletes: there are singles, doubles, fours and eights.

The oars are more rounded for safety.
Rowing method - rowers sit with their backs in the direction of movement.

Water skiing has a history of almost 100 years. And it is connected with the names of two Americans. One of them, 18-year-old R. Samuelson, created water skis from ordinary winter skis. And another, F. Wahler, patented a water ski called “Dolphin”.

In the Soviet Union, the most active promoter of water skiing was cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, who received a boat as a gift from the Queen of Great Britain. Water skiing in our country has long been inaccessible to many people precisely because of the inability to own or rent an expensive boat.

The skiing technique consists of skiing along the water surface at high speed on a cable (halyard) that is attached to the boat. There are several types of competitions in water skiing:

pairs (figure and jumping water skis);
single (figure ski and slalom monoski).

Figure skis are the shortest and widest, jumping skis are longer and have a strongly curved nose. And the longest is a slalom ski, which has a loop for the second leg.

Slalom – passing a course around 6 buoys. In figure skiing, the main thing is to perform various figures - turns, side slides, etc.

A young extreme sport that grew out of water skiing and was first practiced on beaches as entertainment. Translated from English in the word wakeboarding, the first part of the word wake means “wake” - a wave formed as the boat moves. For wakeboarding, the wave is the main component of this discipline.

The movement technique and equipment are similar to water skiing, but instead of two skis, a board is used.

Main differences from water skis:

performing acrobatic elements while moving: flips, jumps;
equipping the boat with ballast to create a wake wave on which tricks are performed;
the board is selected according to the weight of the athlete, taking into account his experience and the complexity of the acrobatic acts he performs.

Surfing

A type of movement on a wave, for which special light boards are used. This entertainment, which today has become prestigious in many seaside resorts, originated on the Hawaiian islands, where the aborigines went out on wooden boards to get food in the depths of the ocean.

Types of surfing:

classic surfing - the athlete independently catches a wave and glides through the water while standing on his feet;
Hawaiian surfing - a surfer rides on the water not standing, but lying down;
bodyboarding - a surfer rides in a lying position on a short soft board;
windsurfing - movement on the board is carried out due to the force of the wind and the sail controlled by it;
kitesurfing - a surfer moves on a board using a kite - a huge kite;
SUP surfing - the surfer moves while standing, with a paddle in his hands.

One one of the youngest water sports. The first inflatable kite for kitesurfing was patented in France in 1984. In kitesurfing, a person glides through the water on a board, holding on to a line attached to a parachute-shaped kite called a kite.

The degree of risk when kitesurfing is high: in strong winds a person can be lifted into the air when turning to a height of up to 5 meters and then thrown down onto the water. Therefore, there are weight restrictions for athletes: you need to weigh more than 50 kg.

To practice kitesurfing, you need special equipment, which includes: a kite (for weak or strong winds), a kiteboard - board, trapeze, control bar, wetsuit, protective helmet, knife for emergency cutting of lines, signaling device.