The family has the most significant influence on the upbringing of the individual, since the child receives basic information about the world and himself from his parents. In addition, parents have a unique opportunity to influence the child due to physical, emotional and social dependence on them.
Family is a small (primary) group that consists of individuals connected by two types of relationships: marriage and kinship, which provides a person with emotional stability, security and personal growth.
The family has a number of functions that can be divided into institutional and basic. Institutional functions are impersonal. These include:
Reproduction function;
Primary social and sexual control;
Economic support for children;
Support for the disabled;
Protecting the rights of the child to full development.
Basic functions are aimed at ensuring that a person meets his personal needs in the family. These include:
Satisfying the need for love;
Function of emotional support and development of individuality;
Function of self-affirmation, self-realization, personal growth;
Psychotherapeutic function of the family;
Function of social responsibility for each family member;
Function of forming positive relationships;
The function of forming a cultural community.
The modern family has lost many of the functions that cemented it in the past: production, security, education, etc. The following functions have now acquired greater importance: psychological safety, emotional satisfaction of all family members and preparing children for life in society. Their implementation presupposes the maturity of feelings and psychological culture.
Highly integrated family differs in that its members know each other’s individual psychological characteristics well and have large reserves of influence on each other; it is characterized by a high level of development of mutual assistance, and its members have well-developed “pro-family” motives; the family has good contact and interaction with the social environment. Such a family is also called a close-knit family. Close-knit family has the following features: trust, sympathy, care of all members for each other are the simplest and most natural way to satisfy their own needs. Among the properties inherent in mature families are high self-esteem, direct, clear and honest communication, flexible and humane rules of behavior. In such a family, its members are focused on intellectual and personal growth, its social attitudes are positive and open.
The birth of a child into a family is a serious challenge for parents. Mastering and shaping the role of father or mother is the most important task of personal development during the period of growing up and testing the strength of family relationships.
A woman’s mastery of the role of a mother is complicated by the fact that it is during this period that tasks of professional growth and career are set. Awareness of one's capabilities and priority tasks can contribute to a more favorable experience of the conflict between these aspects of a woman's life. A woman can be influenced by parental attitudes. Among the typical attitudes that an expectant mother learns from her parents, V.K. Loseva highlights the following:
“Before having children, you need to be firmly on your feet financially and professionally.” Cultivating such an attitude allows parents to prolong their daughter’s feeling of her own immaturity and unfulfillment. The daughter has been feeling dependent on her parents for a long time.
“The birth of a child brings a lot of trouble and worry.” Parents form the idea in their daughter that the role of a mother is primarily associated with difficulties and does not bring joy. This creates a negative perception of the maternal role.
“You’re still a child yourself.” This attitude is associated with the desire of parents to demonstrate their superiority over their daughter.
“You are selfish, and a mother should sacrifice everything for the sake of her children.” The hidden meaning of this attitude is that the mother must completely renounce her desires.
Preparing for motherhood is not about following the often unrealistic demands of parents, but about rethinking your life experiences, recognizing the feelings that arise during the period of preparation for motherhood.
The social role of the father is difficult because its obviousness creates many traps when mastering it. G.S. Abramova highlights some of them:
The trap of a simple goal is the refusal to recognize the existential goal in the role of a father (“I feed, sing, dress, what else is needed?”);
The expected obligation trap (“I am your father, so you must love and respect me”);
The trap of normality or “everything is like people” - refusal to understand and accept the uniqueness of your life and the lives of your family members;
The trap of the rightness of force or “there is no trick against crowbar” - orientation towards forceful methods of resolving conflicts associated with a demonstration of force;
The trap of age (“I’m still young, I want to go for a walk,” “He’s still a child, let his mother take care of him”);
The gift trap (“I buy him whatever he wants”) - ignoring personal communication;
The trap of gender superiority is the rejection of other, different from male, ways of solving life problems;
The trap of the social value of gender (“Anyone will pick me up,” “A man is needed everywhere”) leads to the rejection of deep experiences;
Clarifying the attitudes and expectations of young parents regarding the roles of mother and father is one of the tasks of a psychologist when providing psychological support to the family.
R. Hometauskas believes that when raising children in a family, the following points must be taken into account:
A child is not just a product of the educational influences of his parents. He is active, he himself comprehends the family and himself in it, determines his behavior, attitude towards the family and himself. To a certain extent, the child is his own educator;
Children, due to their limited experience and unique thinking, perceive and evaluate what is happening around them differently than adults. You can understand their behavior, emotions, experiences and help them only by looking at the world through their eyes;
Children are influenced not only by the intentional influences of their parents, but even to a greater extent by all the features of their parents’ behavior, including those that are not realized by either the adult or the child.
Psychological criteria by which one can judge the psychological well-being of a child in the family:
- a pronounced experience of pleasure from communicating with loved ones;
A feeling of freedom and autonomy when communicating with parents;
Self-confidence and self-sufficiency;
The ability to see one’s shortcomings and the ability to ask for help from others;
The ability to see your mistake as if from the outside and not associate your personality with it.
Irina Rzhevskaya
Consultation “The influence of parental authority on the development of a child’s personality”
Description of material: the material will be useful to teachers, parents, senior educators, students of pedagogical faculties.
“Your own behavior is the most decisive thing.
Don't think that you are raising baby
when you talk to him, or
teach him or command him.
You educate even when you are not at home.”
Components parental authority is the behavior of parents within the family circle and outside it, actions parents, their attitude towards work and towards strangers in everyday life, attitude parents to each other, mutual respect, elevation everyone's personality.
Family relationships require mutual understanding, responsibility, respect, and the ability to organize them on the principles of equality.
The style of intrafamily relationships in a family is not developed immediately, but is formed gradually. Each family accumulates its own experience of upbringing and creates a culture of relationships and communication.
Formation child's personality determined by the entire lifestyle of the family.
A. S. Makarenko called him "in the general tone of the family", which acts on baby regardless of father and mother, and sometimes even despite them. In a family where father and mother do not share household chores "female" And "men's", equally respectful and caring towards each other, towards their parents, children, child sees examples of kind attitude towards people. From an early age, the child lives in an environment of positive attitude towards others, love, friendship, trust, and mutual understanding.
Although most parents strive to raise children correctly, a common mistake in family education in recent years has been the inability to instill respect for elders. An environment of trust and emotional comfort without the encouragement and support of adults and constant training of children in positive actions does not foster a respectful attitude towards the people around them, including themselves parents. This is confirmed by many examples.
In the practice of family education, such a mistake is often made when parents Having realized that they did wrong, they do not admit it to their children under the pretext "not to lose authority» . Preschool children may not notice the behavior parents, but in adolescence all behavior is assessed parents, which does not pass without a trace.
One of the most common models of family education is considered authority of love. Parents in such families they praise baby, show him their feelings, protect him from any difficulties. An atmosphere of pampering, praise, blind love, admiration, pleasing, along with constant anxiety for the life and health of a son or daughter, contributes to the upbringing of an egoist in the family, who, growing up, does not take anyone into account and develops a dependent position.
Another model of family education is false the authority of kindness. In families of this type parents allow the child everything. The baby lives in an atmosphere of forgiveness, fulfillment of his every whim and caprice. The kids are in charge parents, they are capricious, stubborn, and demand what is prohibited. As a result, a spoiled child grows up in the family. child making exorbitant claims and demands, giving little to society and family, not recognizing prohibitions. Children of these two types of upbringing find it difficult to join a children's group.
The opposite model of family education is false authority of suppression, at which it adds up authoritarian style of intra-family relationships, often coming from the father, and if a young family lives with parents, then from representatives of the older generation. When disobedient, the father or grandmother gets irritated, shouts, and often punishes baby. Naturally child grows up weak-willed, withdrawn, downtrodden, or vice versa, a despot.
Pedagogical tact is to find mutual understanding with child, establish emotional contact with him, maintain a sense of proportion.
In recent years, a type of false authority in the family - authority of swagger
Parents in such a family they boast of their achievements and emphasize them to others.
The cult of money and connections reigns here, true and false values are confused. Children in such families grow up to be braggarts, white-handed, calculating businessmen, and slackers.
Authority Bribery is very common in our families. Children's behavior, good grades, without noticing it, "buy" at child with gifts, endless promises. “If you behave well, then I’ll buy...” often heard in a mother's conversation with child. Growing up in such a family child who will never do something unprofitable for himself, he will try to benefit from everything.
Carrying out an analysis for each specific family will allow the teacher to establish the type of family education and build his work with them. In order for the end result to be favorable, it is important to observe the following: recommendations:
2. Demanding attitude towards yourself. Adults should not have their words differ from their deeds.
3. Favorable environment in the family, where parents respect the problems of their children.
4. Carrying out joint, interesting, family leisure time.
5. Spiritual communication with children: reading books, joint activities and games, introducing the child to the useful hobbies of the father or mother, (sports or crafts).
6. Show patience and tact when answering children’s questions.
7. Trusting relationships between children and adults are established in cases where parents know how to admit their mistakes.
8. Promises given to children must be kept. You should not make promises that cannot be kept.
9. Children should not be told lies!
But in order for the final result of your educational influences to be truly desirable, you need to figuratively imagine what "filled" your child his aspirations and requests, actions, feelings and dreams.
"Digest" life baby and look at him from the outside, through his eyes and from his position.
Understand your baby. Everything comes to him with great difficulty.
You are not a judge, the verdict is not subject to you. Don't get so caught up in the process "control" child and do not engage in fruitless debates with him. Choose the best moments for educational conversations in private.
So, understand your baby, and help him if you can.
Try to be like him parent, what YOU dreamed of having as a child!
Bibliography:
1. Kalugina V. A., Tavberidze E. A. “Organization and content of work with parents. Moscow School Press 2008
2. A. Barkan “Practical psychology for parents, or how to learn to understand your baby. Moscow "Ast-press" 2000.
3. Vinogradova N. F. To the teacher about working with the family. – M.: Education 1989.- 190 p.
Publications on the topic:
Consultation for parents “Musical and rhythmic movements and their influence on the development of the child” Consultation for parents “Musical and rhythmic movements and their influence on the development of the child” Dear parents! Working in a musical kindergarten.
Consultation for parents “Marital relationships and their impact on the development of the child’s personality” Consultation for parents “Marital relationships and their impact on the development of the child’s personality” Parents should not forget about the negative.
Consultation for parents “The influence of parental authority on the development of a child’s personality” Consultation for parents “The influence of parental authority on the development of a child’s personality” “Your own behavior is the most decisive thing.
It is difficult to imagine preschool childhood without books. Young children like rhythmic speech, the music of words itself. Still not understanding.
The movement of fingers and hands has a special developmental effect. There was an influence of manual (manual) actions on the development of the human brain.
Consultation for parents “The influence of finger exercises on the mental development of a child” The famous teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky said: “The child’s mind is at the tips of his fingers,” he concluded. “The hand is the instrument of all instruments.”
Consultation for parents “Comprehensive development of a child’s personality through theatrical activities” Consultation for parents: “Comprehensive development of the child’s personality through theatrical activities. The meaning of theatrical games.
Cognitive and research activity and its impact on the development of a child’s personality In the modern world, the problem of developing a creative, original, unique personality capable of independently replenishing one’s own is very relevant.
Consultation for parents “The influence of cartoons on the development of a preschool child” compiled by: Timofeeva L.N., teacher The influence of cartoons on the development of a preschool child Consultation for parents.
Consultation for parents “The influence of music on the development of a child’s brain” The influence of music on the development of a child's brain Music for the brain Music is present in all cultures. It is of fundamental importance for.
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No wonder they say: children are a mirror of their parents. The child begins to adopt their habits, gestures, and methods of communication when he is not yet able to appreciate how beautiful and moral they are. This is why it is so important for adults to take a critical look at themselves: what does their example teach the child?
Five-year-old Sasha, meeting his neighbors at the entrance, smiles friendly at them and clearly says: “Hello.” You can see from his face that this gives him pleasure. So he follows the example of his father and mother. He knows what this greeting means, his dad explained to him: to say “hello” means to wish you health. This is a good wish, which means it must be pronounced kindly and politely.
Having met adults near the elevator, Sasha tries to let them go ahead of him. This is what he does, too, following the example of his father.
But, unfortunately, children see other examples.
An elderly woman with a boy of about six entered the subway car. The passengers, having squeezed in, made room and... the boy immediately sat down. His grandmother, placing the bag on her grandson’s lap, stood next to him. The passengers looked at each other. Someone said, addressing the boy:
- We gave way to your grandmother, she was probably tired.
“It’s okay, I’ll stand,” said the elderly woman. “How big is he?” He’s so tall, but he won’t start studying until the fall.
- Of course, he’s big, he should be able to give up his seat in public transport. And not only to his grandmother... There are not many people in the carriage, and the boy can stand.
Grandma purses her lips in displeasure. Turning to his grandson, who was about to get up, he says:
- Sit, sit, you won’t give in to everyone!
He pats him on the back, then throws him into space:
- Look, how many teachers were found! They should have raised their own people better!
The formation of behavior cannot be carried out in isolation from the upbringing of the child as a whole. There is a close connection between internal culture and external forms of its manifestation. If children are required to exhibit outwardly decent forms of behavior, then this will certainly affect their inner world.
You cannot teach a child to do the right thing without a moral assessment of his own actions. But moral development occurs correctly only when adults take into account the age-related capabilities of children. Already in early childhood, a child is able to assimilate elements of moral behavior and the simplest rules of communication with others. At two or three years old, the baby is able to show elementary feelings of responsiveness and goodwill; sympathy, affection, respect for all family members and peers. If he is raised correctly, he tries to behave in such a way as to earn the approval of his loved ones.
The voluntary or involuntary educators of a small child are all the adults with whom he has to communicate in early childhood. However, it is natural that the people closest to him—the members of his family—have a stronger influence on his habits and his newly formed character. Those who pay the baby the most attention and affection.
And in this case, great happiness for them, especially for the boy, when one of such close, loving people is his father.
A lot has been said about the role of a mother in raising children (especially small ones). And it can be repeated just as many times that a baby absolutely needs maternal patient affection, tenderness, attention, and love for its healthy and normal development. The baby calmly and joyfully falls asleep to the mother's kind, affectionate lullaby... During illness, the medicine in mother's hands does not seem so bitter. The same light hand seems to relieve the pain... And it’s not at all scary to enter a dark room if your mother is nearby.
Obviously, indisputably and confirmed by numerous examples from the lives of different families and even different nations: boys model their character on adult men. And at a “tender” age, the closest and most understandable man to them is their father.
Being a dad is a serious and extremely responsible matter. That is why the father does not have the right (as, unfortunately, still happens!) to shift all the problems of raising children onto the mother’s shoulders, thus impoverishing both his own soul and the soul of his child. Raising children is as much a man's (father's) business as it is a woman's (mother's) one. Therefore, when we assert that any education, first of all, begins with the obligatory self-education of the educator, we, of course, thereby affirm the father’s responsibility to the child. Especially in front of his son, a boy for whom, especially at an early age, his father is the ideal of courage.
It is dad who, through his behavior and kind, attentive attitude towards his wife and mother, should be the first to awaken in a little boy a sense of male responsibility to the women he loves, a desire to protect them and help them.
The behavior of a young son is most often a mirror reflection of his father's behavior... That is why it is absolutely necessary for our dads to be honest, noble and polite people. They do not have the right to forget (first of all, in front of their children) that they are the strong half of the Human Race.
If a boy sees that his dad always gives way to women on public transport, his son will very soon begin to behave in the same way. If a child notices how his dad constantly behaves restrainedly and well-mannered: he never raises his voice, never shows his irritation, no matter how tired he returns from work, the son will also begin to restrain his emotions. If a boy systematically observes how kindly and carefully his dad treats his mother and grandmother, how often he tries to relieve them of the endless household “female” worries...
When mom is in a hurry, sick or tired, dad, without any of her requests or reproaches, willingly takes on this “female” work: mopping the floor, going to the grocery store, washing dishes, and even on occasion, cooks dinner perfectly... In such a family, sons are born early. They begin to get involved in housework, they willingly help their mother and grandmother. And then trying to be as much like dad as possible.
A smart father wisely uses his authority with his children. Respecting the people around him, he treats his son or daughter with respect. Never insult their human dignity. He will not raise his voice at them, especially in the presence of strangers. The baby feels his father’s displeasure all the more sharply when he (the son) suddenly commits some bad act: he deceives, offends the weak, treats a friend dishonestly... However, a well-educated father will behave with restraint and reasonableness here too. He will talk seriously and strictly with his son (or daughter). He will express his opinion regarding the offense he has committed. And if necessary, he will even punish him: he will not take the boy with him for a walk, fishing, and will remove him that evening from his favorite “male” household chores. (I assure you, dear dads, that such punishments are much stronger than shouts, to which - despite their offensiveness - children get used to. And worse, a person who constantly insults the dignity of a child soon loses his trust and respect. And another shout or what - any other harsh punishment on the part of this person only embitters the child, strengthens his resentment, distrust and disrespect for such an adult, even if it is a father or mother.)
It is very useful for a boy when, in addition to common everyday household chores and responsibilities, he also has a “male” business or hobby in common with his dad (grandfather or older brother). This could be the construction of a wall bars in a children's room, or a sports ground in the yard. It’s also a good idea to make a bench for your grandmother together with your son so that her legs don’t swell.
In the spring, you can make a birdhouse or nest box and hang it under a window or in a nearby forest. Make a bird feeder in winter. Real men never have enough to do! And each such task gradually and naturally accustoms the little son to work, to patience, to a sense of his own involvement in the big adult world of people.
The influence of the father on his daughter, the girl, is also quite great. An intelligent, serious, kind and skillful dad for many years, throughout his life, remains a model of masculine behavior for his daughter. And yet, the role of the mother in raising her daughter is infinitely great. Since our girls, naturally, in their habits, affections, tastes, in their attitude towards home and family, towards loved ones, first of all, look up to their own mother. That is why in a family where a daughter is being raised, the mother must, apparently, be a person extremely demanding of herself: polite, restrained, neat, neat, feminine. (However, does anyone’s mother have the right to be different?) It is the mother who must patiently and skillfully accustom her little daughter to household responsibilities. Mother and daughter in the family should have their own, “feminine” common affairs. And such things begin with the most unpretentious and simple things: every evening, before going to bed, the daughter must restore comfort and order in the doll corner, during the day she must wash the dresses and aprons of her dolls... Later, by the age of 5 - 7, these worries They will become more mature, more serious. But the girl, already accustomed to housework, will perform them joyfully and willingly.
In everyday life, we pronounce polite words automatically and do not think about what exactly they mean. These good wishes have become a formality - for some, routine smiles and pleasantries are even an integral part of the profession. And we teach children good manners as superficially as we use them ourselves. Well, who doesn’t want to show their friends their developed three-year-old, who has mastered the whole range of traditional “polites”? Meanwhile, Benjamin Spock, whose books are in every home, but whose ideas, unfortunately, have not captured the masses, writes: “Teaching a child such words as “hello” and “thank you” should not be the first step, but the last. The main thing is to teach him to love people.”
Indeed, why does the expression “good manners” make many of us sad? Is it because since childhood we have felt an elusive falsehood in all this? True goodwill evokes a completely different response in the soul. Therefore, maybe it makes sense to start teaching a child etiquette by telling him how sweet and attractive the people he knows are, how they love him... Imbued with sincere sympathy for others, the child himself will want to please them with kind words.
Of course, not all people in the world fit into this idyll and inspire affection. And yet, the people around the child are, as a rule, “positive.” Even with their shortcomings, they are not inveterate scoundrels, which is usually meant by people who do not deserve sincere sympathy. Someday, perhaps, your child will encounter such things. And maybe he will even be forced to “share” with them, realizing that you don’t always have to speak polite words at the behest of your heart. But let this become the exception for him, not the rule.
The influence of the family on the formation of a child’s personality is difficult to overestimate. A person learns the most important life lessons in his own family. It would be completely unfair to diminish its importance and necessity. The influence of family on personal development is enormous. The future fate and role in society depends on what the father and mother teach their child. Without the necessary skills, a person cannot count on successful career advancement and will not be able to build harmonious relationships with his soulmate. Let's consider the role of parents in shaping the child's personality. What influence do they have on him? What should you pay special attention to when raising your son or daughter?
Relationship experience
In any case, a child in a family gains relationship experience. He does not live in isolation, but from early childhood he has the opportunity to observe how adults interact with the people around him, and tries to adopt this experience. It is laid automatically, without any effort. Unbeknownst to himself, a small person discovers a whole world of feelings and moods that reign in society. The desire to imitate adults is dictated by the natural desire to be like them. Usually a boy closely monitors the behavior of his own father and tries to copy him. The girl unconsciously reproduces the behavior of her mother. This behavior is completely natural and indicates normal development.
Of course, adults make mistakes too. Sometimes they do not notice that children also learn negative lessons. The influence of family relationships on the upbringing of a preschooler is especially great. Personal development is impossible without a living example. The child notices even the smallest details of the parents’ relationship, although in most cases he does not say them out loud. Father and mother need to be extremely careful not to set a bad example. Very often parents make mistakes for which they are subsequently ashamed. The experience of relationships begins in childhood and remains with a person for life. The influence of parents on the formation of family values is enormous. As a rule, a person in adulthood unconsciously copies the behavior of his parents, their manner of communication, etc.
Self-development
Forming a child’s personality in a family is not an easy task. Sometimes you need to put in a lot of effort and patience in order to achieve a certain result. The family as a social institution for personality formation is of great importance. Only in a family can a person develop the skills necessary for later life. By acquiring self-development skills, the child develops fully, without delving into strong feelings and self-blame. If parents are engaged in spiritual practice or simply work on themselves in a different way, then their son or daughter has a good chance of becoming a truly successful person in life. Personal development always occurs gradually, under the influence of many factors.
Overcoming difficulties
The role of the family in the development of a child’s personality is extremely valuable. The ability to overcome significant obstacles is very important in order to feel comfortable. The more a person works on himself in this direction, the easier it becomes for him to overcome accompanying fears, doubts and uncertainty. Overcoming difficulties and obstacles that come along the way, a person will definitely become stronger. He finds within himself additional resources for achievement. To learn how to cope with difficulties, you need to cultivate the necessary skills. For some, it becomes easier to enlist the support of loved ones than to act independently. However, the formation of a strong personality occurs when a person has to overcome many obstacles. When there is nowhere to retreat, a person begins to act more actively and productively than with a certain amount of time left.
Character
Education of a child's character also takes place in the family. Parents greatly influence the formation of both positive and negative qualities of their child. The father and mother set an example that can become a source of inspiration for their son or daughter and become a kind of guide for them for many years to come. Part of the character is individual for each person, but a lot of it is laid down by society. Family has a direct impact on the character of a little person. The influence of the family on the formation of a child’s personality cannot be ignored even in the case where the parents were unable to teach their child anything good. Such a person will still experience the negative influence of the environment in which he grew up, no matter how hard he tries to deny this fact. Even involuntarily, a person begins to reproduce the experience of his family in the future. A person's character will be what he has been allowed to develop. Personal development is a deeply individual process. It cannot be predicted in advance. It is impossible to predict what the character of an adult will be by looking at a small child. The role of family education in the formation of personality is incredibly significant.
Social skills
The ability to communicate is incredibly important in life. Without this skill it is impossible to build any satisfying relationships and be happy. The family as a social institution for the formation of personality creates conditions for the comprehensive development of the individual. If a person did not have such support from loved ones, he would not be able to move forward systematically and be confident in his future.
The acquisition of social skills also occurs in the family. It is surrounded by close people that every child learns to communicate and build individual relationships. Social skills learned in the family will definitely be useful in later life. How the child was treated in the family, so he will then treat himself and expect the same from communicating with others.
The development and socialization of personality in the family leaves a serious imprint on a person. The way he is raised by his father and mother is how he lives in the future. Even if an individual verbally denies the influence of his parents on his life, he is more susceptible to it. No matter how much a person wants to isolate himself from his family, he will not be able to do it. Most people simply do not notice how they copy the habits of people related by blood, how they reproduce similar situations, and create identical events. Many people tend to complain about life, one way or another. But not everyone finds the strength to engage in self-improvement.
Work on yourself
Each person also learns to improve their skills in the family. It is impossible to imagine an individual who would not absorb the behavior model of both parents. The influence of the family on the formation of a child’s personality is, in fact, enormous. It is from their immediate environment that people learn the ability to communicate, trust each other, and build personal relationships.
Working on yourself is an integral step in building strong and trusting relationships. Typically, parents teach this to their children, passing on these skills to them, consciously or not. The functions of the family are quite numerous. The formation of attachment and trust occurs at a subconscious level. A person sometimes doesn’t even think about it, he simply lives by inspiration, obeying the guidance of inner strength.
The development of a child’s personality is influenced not so much by how others treat him, but by what his own parents taught him. It is next to loved ones that the majority go through their individual karmic lessons. If every person really worked on himself, the world would become kinder and more beautiful in many ways. The more a person is open to communicating with others, the happier she feels. The role of the family in the formation of a spiritual and moral personality is extremely high.
Unfortunately, at present, not all families can boast that both parents take part in raising a child. Often a situation arises when a child is raised by one mother, and the father is not even present in the field of view of the son or daughter. Even if dad sometimes meets with his offspring, but does not live in the same apartment, we can talk about an incomplete family. This situation cannot but depress and sadden.
Another thing is that nowadays many people do not consider this situation a problem. Very often, children grow up surrounded by the attention of their mother and grandmother, without experiencing for themselves what a father’s care is like. What is the impact of a single-parent family on a child's development? Scientists argue on this issue, their opinions differ. In most cases, the dominant idea is that the absence of a second parent negatively affects the child’s psyche, affects personal development, and prevents the formation of a trusting attitude towards the world. And it’s hard to disagree with this!
In any case, an incomplete family leaves a powerful imprint of inferiority on the individual. It is not necessary that a person will develop some kind of negative trait. Only he will always feel some loss, self-doubt, some rejection and depression. The child does not understand why his family is different from others, what he has done wrong, and often feels that he is somehow worse than others. Such a person definitely needs support. Of course, in our time no one is surprised by single-parent families, but they still represent, in a sense, a sad sight. And it can be very difficult to explain to a child, especially a teenager, why he lives only with his mother. In any case, there is some effect on the psyche, on the ability to perceive the surrounding reality. The role of the family in shaping a child’s personality is truly enormous.
Honesty and integrity
These two components are inextricably linked with each other. The acquisition of these character traits, no doubt, occurs in the family. A person simply would not be able to develop them on his own, or by experiencing negative manifestations. Relationships in the parental family always become a role model. Even if everything does not happen as we would like, the child perceives them as normal, ideal for him.
The family, as a factor in the formation of a child’s personality, undoubtedly has a strong impact on the individual. One might even say that it is the determining factor to which all others are subject. The more decent and sincere the relationships in the parental family are, the easier it will be for the child to build his own family in the future. Why is this happening? It’s just that from childhood a person learns to trust, build relationships on noble feelings, and take care of loved ones.
Honesty and integrity are components necessary for the development of a happy personality. When a child grows up in a prosperous family, he begins from a young age to perceive joy and happiness as integral attributes of a normal life. He does not consider them an exception or something for which we must fight with all our might. In the family, he learns the skill of successfully overcoming all kinds of difficulties. This is a successful experience that everyone should wish for.
Self confidence
It turns out that even such personal characteristics are laid down in the family! Many people argue about this, but in the end they agree that without the support of those closest to you, it is unlikely that you can achieve anything truly significant in life. In fact, it is impossible to imagine a successful person without a strong and friendly family. If he does not have this, it means that the well-being acquired at some point may be seriously shaken. The more confident a person feels among his immediate family and significant other, the greater his chances of realizing his potential.
Self-confidence is an essential component of a happy and self-sufficient life. However, most people cannot boast of unshakable self-confidence. Some people have doubts about their talents and capabilities, others do not find sufficient reasons to simply start acting. Sometimes too much time is spent in doubt and worry. If every person could realize their intrinsic value, the world would change. This is how upbringing influences the formation of personality.
Personal Beliefs
They are also formed in the family. It is difficult to imagine a person who is not guided by the opinions of his immediate environment. When an individual lives under the same roof with his relatives, then to some extent he becomes dependent on their opinion. A person is emotionally susceptible to outside influence. Personal beliefs do not appear out of nowhere; they are formed in a family environment. As a rule, parents pass on their personal views to their children. This is why, in many cases, children tend to rely on the opinions of their parents: they look for support and support from them. Their outlook on life becomes a personal belief.
Moral values
These are categories that become of great importance in the eyes of the public. Moral attitudes sometimes have a significant impact on people. People in the most difficult life situations reflect on what they should do, obeying the voice of their conscience. In many cases, they manage to reach the correct answer within their soul, to find the golden mean.
As a rule, life forces you to make ambiguous and difficult decisions that control a person. Well-informed decisions do not always come from the heart, but they are guided by the voice of conscience. In some cases, a person is forced to sacrifice his own interests for the sake of the happiness and well-being of loved ones. Moral values are brought up in the family. The way parents treated the concepts of duty, responsibility, and morality undoubtedly affects their children. If a child grew up in love, care, and was taught to be patient with others, then in later life he himself will be based on these same concepts. Moral values are sometimes too strong to be overcome by the mind alone.
Spiritual formation
Thus, the influence of the family on the formation of the child’s personality is enormous. A little person completely absorbs the values of the environment in which he finds himself most of the time. Moral attitudes and opinions are of great importance here. The more attention a child is given, the happier and more self-sufficient he will grow up.
State budgetary educational institution of Moscow
“School with in-depth study of individual subjects No. 1973”
Preschool department No. 1
Seminar
"The influence of parents on the formation
child's personality"
Spent
Educational psychologist
Taratunina M.A.
Moscow
2014
Raising children, shaping a child’s personality from the first years of his life is the main responsibility of parents.
The family influences the child and introduces him to the life around him. Love alone is not enough for children to grow and develop more normally. If parents are not competent in matters of education, then their children cannot become individuals. And although love is a natural feeling for most parents, few children receive exactly the kind of love that helps them grow and develop.
The family changes along with the development of society, it suffers from the same diseases and achieves the same successes, as does society. Today, the majority of people getting married are people with secondary and higher education. Why do many parents experience a shift in many moral concepts, which inevitably affects the upbringing of children?
Increasing the responsibility of parents of children, deepening interaction between the family and public organizations involved in educating the younger generation are closely related to solving the problem of pedagogical education.
“For every family, a pedagogical culture” - this motto has become decisive in recent years in organizing the promotion of pedagogical knowledge among the population. The minimum pedagogical knowledge currently available in every family does not meet the requirements of modern society. Therefore, it is so necessary to improve the pedagogical culture of each parent, to provide the minimum knowledge that is necessary to raise a child.
In accordance with this, the position of preschool institutions in working with families is changing. The importance of further content, the importance of further content, forms and methods of cooperation between kindergarten and family in the comprehensive development of the child’s personality is obvious.
A preschool teacher acts not only as a teacher of children, but also as a teacher of parents. That is why he must know well the “painful” points of family pedagogy.
“...The child’s first steps in life begin in the family. His behavior is the result of the influence of the family structure, the educational influence of parents and other family members.
The joint work of the kindergarten and the family is a necessary condition for the successful development of the child’s personality.
If positive character traits, skills, and habits develop under the combined influence of kindergarten and family, then their formation is much less difficult, and the qualities developed are usually strong and stable.
If in kindergarten the child is presented with certain requirements, and at home with others, or there is no consistency in education between family members, then the formation of useful skills and habits becomes extremely difficult: a continuous breakdown of the initially established connections occurs in the body - all this requires a lot of stress on the child’s nervous system, negatively affects his condition and behavior.
An important task of preschool institutions is to provide daily assistance to parents in raising children and to promote their pedagogical education.
V.A. Sukhomlinsky noted that parents need a pedagogical culture.
“No matter how wonderful our preschool institutions are, the most important “masters” who shape the minds and thoughts of children are the mother and father. A family team, where a child is introduced into the world of maturity and wisdom of elders, is such a basis for children’s thinking that no one can replace at this age.”
The great Russian doctor, anatomist, teacher P.F. Lesgaft pointed out: “When studying a person and the conditions of his education, the deepest conviction is how strongly not words, but the actions of close people influence the developing child and how much the love of work, work and truthfulness of the teacher contribute to the moral development of the child.
By this, he wanted to prove the enormous role of parents in the development of a child’s personality. “It is in the child’s love for his mother and his father that his future sense of being a social person lies; It is here that he turns, by the force of attachment to the sources of life - mother and father - into a social being, because the mother and father will eventually die, but their descendant will remain and the love brought up in him, an assigned, but no longer insatiable feeling, must turn to other people, to a wider circle than just one family. Therefore, the fact that the family is a school for understanding the Motherland, a school for nurturing organic loyalty and attachment to it, is one of the glorious reasons for the longevity of the family...”
One cannot help but recall the statements of M. Gorky. He wrote that “education has three goals: saturating a person with knowledge about himself and the world around him; character formation and will development; formation and development of abilities. Knowledge should not only be a mechanical accumulation of facts, but also a criticism of the evidence for the truth of a generalization, an analysis of the thinking process.
Formation of character, development of will only under the condition of broad independence of children in work, activities, and games.
The more reasonable love and attention we give to the child, the brighter and more beautiful life will become.”
The process of education is complex, since we form the personality as a whole, and not its individual properties and qualities. The development of a child is carried out successfully under the condition of a harmonious combination of all aspects of education; in pedagogy there are no main and secondary issues.
A child is brought up continuously, and not from case to case, for example, only when he is taught, explained to him, advised, talked to or answered his questions.
Personality formation is a multifaceted and lengthy process. The teacher must reveal this situation by showing parents that, for example, physical education is not only about caring for the child’s health, organizing good nutrition, sleep, rest, being in the fresh air, etc. It is closely connected with the formation in a child of moral and volitional qualities of courage, endurance, patience, the ability to overcome difficulties, discipline, as well as with preparation for participation in work and for studying at school.”
An important condition for strengthening connections with the family and successfully solving the problems facing the kindergarten is the pedagogical education of parents and the study of the best experiences of family education. Each family, together with the kindergarten, must take care of the all-round development of children; Parents are responsible for the kind of children they raise.
In the family, the child acquires his first social experience, his first sense of citizenship. If parents are characterized by an active life position, manifested in a breadth of interests, in an effective attitude towards everything that happens in our country, then the child, sharing their mood, joining their affairs and concerns, learns the corresponding moral standards.
Raising a child and organizing his life begins, first of all, with educating ourselves, with organizing life in families, creating highly moral intra-family relationships that ensure a healthy microclimate.
No “little thing” that violates the emotional and moral atmosphere can affect the child. The effectiveness of pedagogical influences largely depends on the family microclimate: a child is more susceptible to educational influences if he grows up in an atmosphere of friendship, trust, and mutual sympathy.
Whether a child’s initial experience with adults in the “adult-child” relationship system will be positive depends on what position he occupies in the family.
If adults concentrate all their attention on satisfying any desires, any whim of a child, conditions are created for egocentrism to flourish. In this case, the family cannot solve one of the most important social tasks of raising a future citizen of the Motherland.
Where a child is an equal member of the family, where he is involved in its affairs, shares common concerns, and performs (to the best of his ability) certain work duties, more favorable conditions are created for the formation of an active life position in him.
In order to properly raise children, it is necessary to understand and take into account the psychological and individual characteristics of each child. However, not all parents have the pedagogical knowledge for this. The task of the kindergarten is, in all forms of work with parents, to reveal to them the most important aspects of the child’s psychological development at each age stage of preschool childhood and the corresponding methods of education, emphasizing that in order to raise children, you need to know them and be able to see what is characteristic of each period of childhood and, specifically, what can only be observed in your child.
It is impossible to speed up development without taking into account the capabilities of a child – a preschooler. But developmental delays are also not acceptable. Therefore, it is important that parents know the psychophysiological indications of children's development.
The preschool period of childhood is a time of intense accumulation of physical, mental, and spiritual strength. At this time, there is rapid growth of the whole organism, development of the brain, and the associated complication of the processes of higher nervous activity.
The child increases sensitivity to signals from the outside world, the ability to analyze and synthesize them; New connections are being made in the cerebral cortex, and there is an increased accumulation of impressions and ideas. And the objects of the immediate environment, and the actions of people, and the events of social life as the child grows up. They attract his attention more and more, encourage him to peer, look for explanations, awaken his imagination and thought.
Parents are the child’s first educators and teachers, so their role in shaping the personality of a growing person is enormous.
Emphasizing the importance of the role of adults in children's lives is not to underestimate how much children themselves can mean to each other.
A child can enjoy the company of other children, study, and sometimes train them. But the main thing for a child is whether adults consider themselves active participants in his development or passive observers.
Active participation is not necessarily intervention and control, but rather an attitude in which the adult in the child's world is a sensitive and adaptable person. Adults should see themselves as people whose behavior and attitude are of great importance to the child. This means that sometimes adults must come to the conclusion that they, and not the child, need to change, and even more so. Sometimes, no matter how hard it is, waiting is required when the baby makes a mistake. Sometimes you need to rush to his aid. This also means that the child must be seen as an individual with his own developing views and understanding. But in general, this means believing that we, rather than, as the child was led to do, should change, learn, and adapt. Adults with their more flexible self-esteem have much more joy in life with children.
Back in the 70s, it became obvious to experts in various fields that they would not achieve significant results in raising children if they used only rare activities and did not involve parents in continuing this work at home. As soon as teachers tried to conduct several experiments on involving the child’s parents, they discovered that parents not only do not interfere or hinder the work, but, on the contrary, can contribute to rapid success. It is not necessary to see parents as part of the problem; rather, they can become part of the solution—parents can learn new skills driven by a strong desire to help their children. The willingness to perceive children as individuals is of great importance. This means trying to sincerely respond to children's feelings, reactions and problems, as is customary in human society. Children are individuals, and so are adults. It is unrealistic and unhelpful for adults to ignore their own feelings or take their own behavior into account as part of their communication with children. While accepting and exploring what we as adults bring to our time with children, we must be flexible in methods, open to the ideas of others, and willing to continue to learn. The best preparation still does not provide all possible knowledge, skills and understanding needed in various situations with children. Children, among other things, need respect and attention from their elders, so that they learn to be just as attentive in return. Children deserve this attention and will learn from the example of adults to seriously listen to them and give them their time.
The main feature of family education is that it is the most emotional in terms of content and forms of relationships between adults and children. This feature, when raising children wisely, can become a significant shaping force. Parental love for children and the responsible feeling of children for mother and father, grandmother, grandfather, and their brothers and sisters helps adults overcome a number of difficulties (domestic, pedagogical), create a joyful family atmosphere, and cultivate the necessary social qualities in children. Modern living, general household chores - all this contributes to the family’s main task - raising children. But these objectively existing conditions will only prove useful when parents and other adult family members set an example of behavior for young children at home and in public places, if they can organize their lives; everyday life, play and work, useful interesting activities. If parents have a certain pedagogical culture (psychological and pedagogical knowledge, skills, desire to purposefully raise children), they manage to successfully raise preschoolers.
Improving the life of a family (adults and children), its way of life, style of relationships and spiritual culture is essential for the comprehensive education of children and the formation of the foundations of a child’s personality.
Parents, treating their child from the first minutes of his life, must feel responsible for his development. They are not passive observers, but active participants in the entire process of shaping the child’s personality. It is they who primarily regulate the influence of the environment, helping, to the best of their ability, to eliminate negative and harmful influences. Parents provide the child with the opportunity for activity, create conditions for this, manage the process of raising the child, promote his correct relationships in kindergarten, at school, among peers, with all the people with whom the child communicates.
The influence of parents on the process of formation of the child’s personality is more effective when the father and mother skillfully and consciously influence the child, well understand the importance of various factors on which his moral and physical development depends, and know their child deeply and comprehensively.
The desire of parents to categorically determine the psychological type of their child can lead to erroneous conclusions, incorrect assessments of his individuality and, as a result, to the use of insufficiently thought-out educational methods.
Parents should strive to know the individual qualities of their child’s character, to understand his unique spiritual development, on which the main educational influence is exerted by the environment, and above all by the family.
The development of a child from the first days of his existence takes place in the family. It is she who gives him the first experience and the first patterns of behavior, creates conditions for the manifestation of activity, helps to improve, directs him on a long and difficult path - into an independent life useful for society.
Complete unity of requirements in the family upbringing of a child and social coherence in the direction of mutual efforts can ensure the formation of a comprehensively developed personality. For a preschool child, the family in which he lives and is raised is a natural environment. The family leaves its mark on his character and behavior; in the family he receives his first lessons in understanding the world and becomes acquainted with the elementary laws of life. The information he receives gradually expands and becomes more complex as the baby grows and develops.
The family largely determines the child’s attitude towards work, the culture of his behavior, activity and initiative, discipline and a number of other personality qualities that are the basis for the manifestation and development of individuality. The influence of the family is often so strong that in many ways it seems as if the character of the parents is inherited by the children.
Undoubtedly, the environment, especially the conditions of home life, have a huge impact on the formation of a child’s personality. But still, the leading factor in the all-round development of a person, as mentioned earlier, is education. Consequently, in the family, the child must receive proper upbringing.
Parents must know the psychological and individual characteristics of the child, their functions in accordance with the education and training program in kindergarten, in order to direct the upbringing process in the right direction. To do this, it is necessary to involve parents in the life of the kindergarten as much as possible. Therefore, the research hypothesis is that if parents know the psychological characteristics of the formation of the child’s personality and know exactly their functions, while actively participating in the work of the kindergarten, only then will a free developing personality grow.
