Gray eye (steel shade). The definition of gray and blue eyes is similar, only the density of the fibers of the outer layer is even higher and their shade is closer to gray. If the density is not so high, then the color will be gray-blue. The presence of melanin or other substances produces a small yellow or brownish impurity. Gray eye color is most common in Eastern and Northern Europe. For Russians, this color, according to 1909 data, reached 50%. It is also found in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of Northwest Africa.
Green eye. Green eye color is determined by a small amount of melanin. The outer layer of the iris contains the yellow or light brown pigment lipofuscin.
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In combination with the blue or cyan color resulting from scattering in the stroma, the result is green. The color of the iris is usually uneven and there are many different shades. The red hair gene may play a role in its formation. Pure green eye color is extremely rare. Its speakers are found in Northern and Central Europe. According to studies of the adult population of Iceland and Holland, green eyes are much more common in women than in men.
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Where did green eye color come from and its uniqueness?
All people with blue eyes are descended from the same ancestor.
Blue eyes arose relatively recently - from 6 to 10 thousand years ago. It was possible to identify a gene that mutated in one person during a specified period of time, and ultimately became the progenitor of all blue-eyed people on the planet.
Professor Hans Eyberg from the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine at the University of Copenhagen began the research in 1996. To begin with, he identified the OCA2 gene, which is responsible for eye color. Over the next decade, he and his colleagues studied mitochondrial DNA and compared the eye color of people in Denmark, Jordan, and Turkey, including both light-skinned and dark-skinned people with blue eyes. It turned out that 99.5% of people who took a DNA test had the same mutation.
“Originally we all had brown eyes. But a genetic mutation affecting the OCA2 gene on our chromosomes created a switch that literally turned off the ability to produce brown eyes,” Eiberg comments on the discovery.
Since eye color is determined by genetics, the frequency of distribution of certain colors is one of the characteristic features of each nation. Russia, according to the results of studies in 1909, among Russians at the beginning of the 20th century the distribution was approximately as follows: gray 50%; brown 25%; blue and cyan 20%; black and green 5%
In 1955 - 1959, an anthropological expedition was carried out during which 17 thousand people of the Russian population of the RSFSR were examined. Eye color was determined using the Bunak scale. The following results were obtained:
Men – light type (44.75%) – transitional type (49.66%) – dark type (5.59%) – sample (8754);
Women – light type (42.07%) – transitional type (50.72%) – dark type (7.21%) – sample (8074);
In total – light type (43.46%) – transitional type (50.17%) – dark type (6.37%) – sample (16828).
Blue eye. The outer layer of the vessels of the iris, formed from collagen fibers, is dark blue in color. If the fibers of the outer ectodermal layer of the iris are characterized by low density and low melanin content, then it has a blue color. There are no blue or cyan pigments in the iris and in the eye at all. The blue color is the result of light scattering in the stroma. The inner layer of the iris, unlike the outer one, is always saturated with melanin and has a black-brown color. As a result, part of the high-frequency component of the spectrum of light incident on the eye is scattered in the turbid environment of the stroma and reflected, and the low-frequency component is absorbed by the inner layer of the iris. The lower the density of the stroma, the richer the blue color.
Blue eye. Unlike blue eyes, in this case the density of collagen fibers in the stroma is higher. Since they have a whitish or grayish tint, the color will no longer be blue, but blue. The higher the fiber density, the lighter the color. Blue eye color is the result of a mutation in the HERC2 gene, due to which carriers of this gene have reduced melanin production in the iris of the eye.
Blue and dark blue eyes are most common among the European population, especially in the Baltics and Northern Europe. In Estonia, up to 99% have this eye color. In Denmark in the 1970s, only 8% had dark eyes, while now, as a result of migration, this figure has risen to 11%. According to a 2002 study, among the Caucasian population of the United States born in 1936-1951, carriers of blue and blue eyes make up 33.8%, while among those born in 1899-1905 this figure is 54.7%. According to 2006 data, this figure for modern white Americans has dropped to 22.3%. Blue and blue eyes are also found in the Middle East, for example, in Afghanistan, Lebanon, Iran.
Gray eye (steel shade). The definition of gray and blue eyes is similar, only the density of the fibers of the outer layer is even higher and their shade is closer to gray. If the density is not so high, then the color will be gray-blue. The presence of melanin or other substances produces a small yellow or brownish impurity. Gray eye color is most common in Eastern and Northern Europe. For Russians, this color, according to 1909 data, reached 50%.
6 main eye colors
It is also found in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of Northwest Africa.
Green eye. Green eye color is determined by a small amount of melanin. The outer layer of the iris contains the yellow or light brown pigment lipofuscin. In combination with the blue or cyan color resulting from scattering in the stroma, the result is green. The color of the iris is usually uneven and there are many different shades. The red hair gene may play a role in its formation. Pure green eye color is extremely rare. Its speakers are found in Northern and Central Europe. According to studies of the adult population of Iceland and Holland, green eyes are much more common in women than in men.
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Eyes as a racial sign
One of the most important signs by which a person’s overall belonging to his racial and biological circle is determined is eye color. In legends and folk tales of all peoples of the earth since ancient times, one can trace the degree of importance of eye color in identification according to the principle of ‘friend or foe’. However, meaningful study of this most important anthropological parameter began only at the end of the 19th century. Gustav Fritsch (1839–1891) was one of the first to point out racial differences in the retina, and Eugen Fischer (1874–1967) discovered the correspondence of pigment cells in the mucous membrane of animals and the “lower” races of humanity.
Finally, Max Wolfgang Hauschild (1883–1924) in turn confirmed the existence of three different types of pigment cells in the iris of the black, yellow and white races, a fact that was reflected in the interpretation of cultural differences. The prominent Russian anthropologist P. A. Minakov in his article ‘The Significance of Anthropology in Medicine’ (Russian Anthropological Journal. No. 1, 1902) pointed out: ‘Many peoples do not distinguish between some colors of the spectrum. For example, Arabs use the words black, green and brown as synonyms. Koreans do not distinguish between green and blue, calling these colors in one word ‘Pehurada’. The Bongo tribe, living in Central Africa, also uses one word for black, blue and green - ‘Kamakulutsch’. This tribe has a color scale of three colors: black, red and white.
It should be noted that with these characteristics, many savages are characterized by extraordinary visual and hearing acuity, allowing the savage to distinguish in detail very distant objects and hear clearly the faintest noise, completely inaccessible to the ear of a European; however, harmonic combinations of sounds, colors and tones are little accessible to the savage.
A certain ‘lowness’ of origin from an evolutionary point of view is also evidenced by other morphological features in the structure of the eyes, the concentration of which is different in all races. It is the frequency of occurrence of these rudimentary characters in a particular population that indicates its evolutionary position. The prominent Swedish anthropologist Wilhelm Lehe in his book 'Man, His Origin and Evolutionary Development' (M., 1913) emphasized: 'In the inner corner of the eye there is a small light red membrane, the so-called semilunar fold (conjunctiva) - a formation that cannot be attributed neither any function nor any benefit. It is better developed among some wild peoples (Negroes, Malays) than among Europeans. The famous German scientist Georg Buschan, in the book we have repeatedly cited above, in turn noted: ‘The third eyelid, or Plica Semilunaris, is a vertically standing fold of the connective tissue of the eye and is a remnant of the nictitating membrane of animals, especially pronounced in birds, amphibians and reptiles. As a memory of this condition, it is preserved in humans in the form of a small cartilaginous rudiment, which sometimes occurs especially often in lower races, for example, among blacks in 75%, and among the white race, only in 0.5%.
Also, the Soviet scientist B.S. Zhukov wrote: “The semilunar fold near the eye in representatives of lower races is somewhat more highly developed than, for example, in representatives of European peoples.”
What is the rarest eye color?
From which it follows that the structure of the eyes themselves and the organs surrounding them contains a whole bunch of morphological characteristics that make it possible with a high degree of probability to judge the evolutionary value of this or that individual from a racial point of view.
Structural differences in the location of the eyes are no less significant. The lower target of the orbit is very narrow in gorillas, in people it is wider, especially in Negroids, in Caucasians it is less wide, and the narrowest in Mongoloids. Baron Egon von Eickstedt wrote in this regard: ‘A very wide gap, like that of a Wute Negro, can be considered an infantile-primitive feature, but only within the framework of human series: in humans, the structure of the orbit developed in a special direction. This is also evidenced by the protrusion of the frontomaxillary suture on the inner wall of the orbits, caused by the protrusion of the maxillary bone. This is usually among gorillas and chimpanzees, but very rarely among people, only among animal-like primitive races. Negritos, Bushmen and Veddas have an absolute maximum capacity of the entrance plane of the eye sockets, which makes their skulls seem more sinister. The shape of the orbits is determined using the orbital pointer. Low and usually more rectangular forms, like those of the Tasmanians, New Zealanders, Fuegians and Guanches, have an index of about 80, while the more rounded and tall forms of the Chinese, Eskimos and Polynesians have about 90. The racial peculiarity of the orbits of the Mongoloids is also expressed in the location of the line of their maximum width stretching; among Europeans this line is much more inclined to the horizontal than among the Japanese, which indicates a higher location of the entire outer orbital region among the Mongoloids. In general, their eyeball has a more frontal location. Races differ in the distance between the eyes, and most importantly in the structure of the retina. Egon von Eickstedt pointed out: ‘In monkeys the retina has a very fine structure, among people the Bushmen, the Veddas, and to a lesser extent the Negroids come close to them. The opinion that savages have better eyes is not supported by convincing arguments. The rough and poorly branched cells of the iris of Negroids are filled with pigment cells; Mongoloids have more of these cells, but they are smaller; Europeans have fewer of these cells, but they are more delicate. In dark-skinned races, this membrane covers the conjunctiva and pupil, as a result of which the latter appears not white, but yellowish, and its edge has a brown border.
Newborn Europeans usually have blue or dark purple, blue-gray eyes, Negroids have brown eyes, Mongoloids have greenish-brown eyes.
Of interest from the point of view of evolutionary history are the muscles for closing the eyelids. In primitive races they are still associated with the muscles of the nasal region. The higher ones are completely independent. So among Europeans they are clearly divided into three subgroups. The formation of cartilage on the conjunctiva is a distinctive feature of monkeys; it is quite common in Negroids, less often in Mongoloids, and is almost completely absent in Caucasians. This pattern was discovered by Paul Rudolf Bartels (1874–1914) and Buntaro Adahi. But the Mongoloid eyes have the most noticeable features. The orbits of Mongoloids are located much higher on the outside than those of Europeans, which gives the impression of squint and slight bulging eyes of representatives of the yellow race. But the main feature of Mongoloid eyes is the palpebral fissure, on which facial expression largely depends. In northern Europeans it usually has the shape of a spindle, in people of the Oriental race it is almond-shaped. Egon von Eickstedt pointed out many other rudimentary formations in the structure of the eyes of representatives of the black, yellow races and their mestizos: epicanthus, Hottentot fold, Negro fold, peach eyelid, tarsal eyelid, clubbed eyelid. All these morphological anomalies were inherited by representatives of these races from their animal ancestors, and their high degree of concentration indicates mutual evolutionary proximity. Eye color of different races today is measured according to the scale of Rudolf Martin (1864–1925).
The further development of anthropology and ethology - the science that studies the biological foundations of human behavior - continued in the same direction, and many facts of social life that were previously explained by the action of abstract cultural differences now received a completely different interpretation. The position of biological determinism has strengthened significantly. A major modern American researcher, Morgan Worthy, published in 1974 a very remarkable book, Eye Color, Sex and Race (Keys to the Behavior of People and Animals), in which, based on a wealth of statistical material, he explained many fundamental differences in the behavior of people of different races.
It turned out that people with dark eyes react more to color, and people with light eyes react more to shape. Dark-eyed individuals are especially sensitive to colors in the long-wavelength part of the spectrum, since strong pigmentation partially blocks short-wavelength light. That is why southerners prefer red and yellow colors, and northerners prefer blue and gray. In addition, light-eyed blonds of the Nordic race are better able to distinguish between tones and navigate in space. Dark-eyed people, who react more to color, are prone to spontaneous and emotional reactions, while light-eyed people, who react more to form, prefer to control their emotions. Dark-eyed people love close communication, while light-eyed people, on the contrary, base all forms of behavior on distance, considering the reduction of interpersonal space to be bad form. Dark-eyed people prefer to follow social patterns in everything, while light-eyed people develop their life position based on the laws of internal style.
The conclusion in Morgan Worthy's work, although shockingly simple, is nevertheless well argued: “People with blue eyes perceive primarily form and have a scientific mindset, while people with brown eyes perceive color and have an unscientific mindset.”
The racial analysis of inventors and innovators leaves no doubt that true science is the creation primarily of representatives of the Nordic race. Consequently, the worldview developed by a brown-eyed person will never become the true property of a blue-eyed person, because the specifics of the worldview and eye color are interconnected.
All blue-eyed people descend from the same ancestor
Scientists have found that all of our blue-eyed contemporaries - from Angelina Jolie to Wayne Rooney - trace their origins to one person who, apparently, lived about 10 thousand years ago in the Black Sea region.
Scientists studying the genetics of eye color have found that more than 99.5% of blue-eyed people who agreed to have their DNA analyzed have the same tiny mutation in the gene that determines iris color.
This, according to Professor Hans Eiberg and his colleagues from the University of Copenhagen, means that the mutation occurred in just one person, who became the ancestor of all blue-eyed people from subsequent generations.
Scientists cannot pinpoint exactly when this mutation took place, but other clues indicate that it most likely occurred about 10,000 years ago, when Europe was rapidly populated by the spread of agriculture from the Middle East.
“The mutations causing blue eyes most likely occurred in the northwestern Black Sea region, where large agricultural migrations to northern Europe took place during the Neolithic period, approximately 6,000 to 10,000 years ago,” the scientists write in the journal Human Genetics .
Professor Eyberg said brown was the "default" color of human eyes, caused by the dark pigment in the skin, melanin. However, in Northern Europe, a mutation occurred in the OCA2 gene, which disrupted the production of melanin in the iris and led to the appearance of blue eyes.
“We all started out with brown eyes,” said Professor Eyberg. “But a mutation in the OCA2 gene in our chromosomes caused a switch that literally turned off the ability to produce brown eyes.”
Variations in eye color can be explained by the amount of melanin in the iris, but among blue-eyed people there is little variation in the amount of melanin in the eyes, the professor said.
"From this, we can conclude that all blue-eyed people have the same common ancestor. They all inherited the same change in the same place in their DNA," Eiberg said.
Men and women with blue eyes have an almost identical genetic sequence for the part of their DNA that determines their eye color. In brown-eyed people, on the other hand, there is a significant amount of individual variation in this part of the DNA.
Green eyes: which peoples of Russia can find them?
Professor Eyberg said he analyzed the DNA of almost 800 blue-eyed people, from fair-skinned blond Scandinavians to dark-skinned people with blue eyes living in Turkey and Jordan.
"All of them, except perhaps one, had the same DNA sequence in the OCA2 gene region. To me, this is very clear evidence that all these people must have one single common ancestor," he said.
It is not known why blue eyes are most common among residents of Northern Europe and southern Russia. Previously encountered explanations include suggestions that blue eye color either conferred some advantage on white nights in summer or polar nights in winter, or was considered attractive and therefore more favorable for sexual selection.
I have green eyes and it makes me happy. But what is the color of my eyes? I looked for the answer to this question on the Internet. And this is what I found.
According to folk wisdom, Green eyes are considered the most insidious. The meaning of this color is characterized by a uniform mixture of two colors: yellow and blue.
A person with such eyes is characterized by a fusion of two energies - the donor and the vampire. That is why the owners of such eyes are endowed with endurance, assertiveness, stubbornness, firmness, determination, integrity and stability. They set a specific goal and persistently pursue it, overcoming all obstacles along the way.
People with green eyes enjoy authority in their environment. In addition, they are excellent organizers. Green eyes are most often found among those who, despite their popularity, do not strive for leadership, but at the same time want to remain respected.
Everything that green-eyed people undertake, they do professionally. When making a decision, they carefully weigh the entire situation, and in difficult moments they can find the right way out. People with green eyes look at life with a realistic look. But no one can fully recognize their essence: today they are one, and tomorrow they are completely different. Those who are endowed with good intuition also have green eyes. The importance of these people to the public is quite great. Among them there are many fortune tellers and psychics. They can skillfully manipulate people. Gentle people are endowed with such eyes, which is often used by those around them. However, you cannot sit on their heads. Thanks to their pride, they will not tolerate such an attitude. They have affection and are very loyal.
People with green eyes perceive love very subtly, so they can search for their other half all their lives without ever finding it. They are characterized by tenderness, affection and kindness. They are vulnerable in their feelings. People with such eyes are often compared to cats: outwardly they are unapproachable and independent, but only as long as there is no trust.
This is the information and I, the owner of green eyes, confirm that this is absolutely true information!
(show “vDud”) Oleg LSP spoke about logical lessons in the songs “Baby Loves the Dealer” and “”:
For me, always, when I touched on these topics, dirty, well, like, I felt that, well, like, something was wrong, well, like, something like this, so it’s impossible, well, just, like the blacks: “I smoked, I drank, I’m all fucked up” - well, like, that’s so, well, that’s wrong. That if you push such crap, you still need to lead to some kind of logical, well, like, lesson. If you're going to... "Mama Baby Loves the Dealer," yeah.
<…>That's why…
Baby loves the dealer, dealer -
He's stylish and bold
(Ooo…)
Everyone, well, like, who doesn’t enter, thinks: “Fuck, this is, like, a track about the fact that, like, drug dealers are cool, chicks love them.”
- And in fact?
- The track “Baby Loves a Dealer”... By the way, it was recorded with, do you have any idea who he is?
- Well, this is the most smoking and selling person associated with Russian rap.
- Yes, yes, a very funny guy. I had the honor of meeting him personally. One of the funniest people I've ever met, but with his own problems and his own drama.
At that time, he was not particularly... very narrowly known.
- Yes.
“But I really liked his energy and originality. I was thinking about making a track with him, but I couldn’t think of what it was about. But in his work, these themes were style-forming. I was lying, like, in the bathroom and came up with some... tune: “Ta-ta-ra-ran, tar” - and I thought: “Oh, I’ll write a track!” - “Baby loves a dealer, dealer” - well, like, I came up with this. Well, then the story is like a bad guy, like, a girl and, like, there’s a good guy, there’s a bad guy... And a girl, like, from a good guy, who’s not so fun to be with and, like, hmm, who maybe Maybe he's not that rich there, who knows. And there is this bad guy who is fun to be with, who has...
- Going to him?
- Yes, and she goes to him and gets a divorce. The first version of the track comes out, where I tell this story that I just briefly outlined to you, and Young Trapp flies in for the second verse - and in my understanding, he was supposed to tell how he flew into the fits in America: “Here, hi, dudes , I’m Lil Wayne, everything is fucked up, everything is bullshit” - fly away so purely in style: hop, diversify, fly away. Well, Young Trapp pops up and says pretty much the same thing I expected. We sit and listen, and Roma says: “Fuck, well, like, no, bullshit, well, not really, like,” says: “Here’s your text, well, like, fuck it, here - somehow not Very". He does the second and third verses - well, like, more fun, well, in form, but still, well, like, somehow he didn’t get it right. And Roma says: “Fuck, well, like, you should have finished it yourself, well, like, the second one.” And I think: “Fuck, well, in reality, some kind of understatement.” And a week after the release of the first version, well, like, I’m finishing the second verse, which tells how she went to the dealer, got buried in this fabulous bullshit, in this fucked-up place, everything became fucked up with her, and, well, like, circle... ah...
- It's clear. She got…
- “Requiem...”, “Requiem for a Dream”, yes.
- She got her comeuppance, yes.
- And when I finished writing this, then I wrote it down, I heard it - I thought: “Oh! Fuck it all now!”<…>I tried to turn it out as much as possible to show: there is a good side, and then you pay for it - you love to ride, you love to carry a sled.
