Badminton- a sport that involves throwing a game equipment called a shuttlecock over a net using rackets.
Badminton is played by two people against each other or two teams of two. The game takes place on a court divided by a net. Opponents are located on opposite sides of the site. The goal of the game is to throw the shuttlecock over the net so that it touches the ground on the opponent's half within the court.
Badminton has been an Olympic sport since 1992.
Field hockey is a summer Olympic sport, one of the most popular types of hockey. The competition is organized by the International Hockey Federation (IHF, or FIH - from Federation Intenationale de Hockey). There is a type of indoor field hockey - indoor hockey, which is considered a separate sport and is distinguished not only by its surface, but also by the smaller size of the site and the number of players on each team. Field hockey is very popular in Great Britain and former British possessions - India, Pakistan, Australia. In the US and Canada, the sport is popular among girls in colleges and universities.
Basketball(English basket - basket, ball - ball) is a sports team game with a ball, the goal of which is to throw the ball into the opponent’s basket and prevent the other team from throwing it into their own basket.
Basketball has been part of the Olympic Games program since 1936. James Naismith was there as a guest. Regular World Basketball Championships have been held for men since 1950, for women since 1953, and European Championships since 1935.
In Europe, international club competitions are held - Euroleague ULEB, European Cup ULEB, Challenge Cup.
The game reached its greatest development in the USA, where one of the strongest basketball championships was organized - the National Basketball Association (NBA) championship.
Football(English Football, “kick ball”) is a team sport in which the goal is to kick the ball into the opponent’s goal with your feet or other parts of the body (except your hands) the greatest number of times. Currently the most popular and widespread sport in the world.
Baseball(English baseball, from base - base, base and ball - ball) - a team sports game with a ball and bat. The competition involves two teams of nine (sometimes ten) players each.
Baseball appeared in the United States at the beginning of the 19th century. It is believed that the basis of the game was the English game "rounders". The first official match was held in 1820 in New York. In 1845 the first professional club was created. The game is widely distributed in the USA, Canada, Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean, Australia, Japan, Korea and other countries. Currently, baseball is played in more than 120 countries around the world. The World Baseball Championship has been held since 1938 for men and since 2004 for women. Baseball is most popular in the USA, Cuba, Japan, China and South Korea.
In the USA, Japan, the Czech Republic and other countries, softball is also common - a simplified version of baseball - a game that can be played indoors and on small fields.
Related sports to baseball include cricket, pesapolo in Finland, oina in Romania, and lapta in Russia.
At the 117th IOC Session in Singapore on July 8, 2005, baseball, as well as softball, was removed from the list of Olympic sports, both as a result of lack of popularity in most IOC member countries and due to disagreements between the IOC and the League baseball in the USA, which refused to postpone its competitions during the Olympic Games. As a result, baseball was represented for the last time at the Beijing Olympics. However, a return to discussion of this topic after the 2012 Olympic Games is not excluded.
Boxing- a contact sport, a martial arts in which athletes punch each other with their fists wearing special gloves. The referee controls the fight, which lasts from 3 to 15 rounds. Victory is awarded if the opponent is knocked down and cannot rise within ten seconds (knockout) or if he is injured, preventing him from continuing the fight (technical knockout). If after a set number of rounds the fight has not been stopped, then the winner is determined either by the referee's decision or by the judges' scores.
The skill of fighting with fists appears in people from birth, and the earliest evidence of such competitions is depicted on Sumerian, Egyptian and Minoan reliefs. The ancient Greeks made the first records of boxing as a sport: they established a number of rules and began organizing tournaments with the participation of professionals. Boxing truly became a combat sport in 688 BC. e., when fist fights were first included in the program of the ancient Olympic Games. Modern boxing originated in England at the beginning of the 17th century.
Some countries have their own varieties of boxing (Sawat in France, Lethwei in Myanmar, Muay Thai in Thailand), so the term “English boxing” is often used.
Fencing(from German Fechten) - combat sports using edged weapons.
Fencing is a purely individual sport. Even in team competitions, battles are one-on-one.
A fight between two fencers using any type of weapon is carried out on a special track, 1.5 - 2 m wide and 14 m long, made of electrically conductive material, which is isolated from the apparatus that registers injections or blows.
The fight is controlled and judged by the referee. The thrusts and blows inflicted by the fencers are recorded by lamps on an electrical apparatus. They are fixed on the basis of an electrical circuit passing through the fencer’s weapon and his clothing, connected to the device by a wired system. The referee evaluates blows and thrusts based on the readings of the recording apparatus, taking into account the rules of combat in each type of fencing. Fights in types of weapons have their own specific rules that allow thrusts and strikes to be counted or declared invalid.
Weightlifting- a strength sport that is based on lifting weights. Weightlifting competitions today include two exercises - the snatch and the clean and jerk.
In the program of the Olympic Games since 1896 (except 1900, 1908, 1912). The competition program and weight categories of athletes were constantly changing. Before the creation of the International Weightlifting Federation (FIH), athletes competed in the press and clean and jerk with two arms, and sometimes in the snatch and clean and jerk with one arm;
since 1920 - in triathlon (snatch and jerk with one hand, jerk with two hands),
from 1924 - in pentathlon (snatch and clean and jerk with one hand, bench press, snatch and clean and jerk with two hands),
from 1928 to 1972 - in triathlon (press, snatch, and push with two hands),
since 1976 - biathlon.
Taekwondo(Korean Taegwondo) - Korean martial art. In Korea, the traditional kicking fight "taekkyon" was known more than 2000 years ago. This is documented by the images on the grave paintings of the Goguryeo Kingdom in North Korea. In 1955, Major General Choi Hong Hi, using several wrestling schools as a basis, created taekwondo. The word “taekwondo” is made up of three words: “tae” - jumping kick with the foot, “kwon” - punch, “do” - path. According to Choi Hong Hee, “Taekwondo means a system of spiritual training and self-defense techniques without weapons, along with health, as well as skilled execution of strikes, blocks and jumps performed with bare hands and feet to defeat one or more opponents.” Taekwondo, unlike other martial arts, is characterized by a large number of high jumps with kicks.
Triathlon (triathlon) is a sport that includes three high-speed sports: swimming, cycling and cross-country athletics.
This is one of the youngest sports, which dates back to 1974 in the USA. In 1978, only 15 athletes competed in the Hawaiian Islands Triathlon (3.85 km swim, 179 km bike race and 42.195 km marathon). After this, triathlon began to spread to other countries, and in 1989 the International Triathlon Union was established in Avignon, France. In the same year, the first official World Championship was held.
There are 4 types of triathlon:
Short distances (sprint): swimming - 750 m, cycling - 20 km and cross-country - 5 km;
International or Olympic: swimming - 1500 m, cycling - 40 km and running - 10 km;
"Half-Iron Man": swimming - 1.9 km, cycling - 90 km and running - 21 km;
"Iron Man": swimming - 3.8 km, cycling - 180 km and running - 42 km;
“People's Triathlon” - practiced in Russia, aimed at amateurs and beginner triathletes, swimming - 200 meters, cycling - 10 km and running - 2.5 kilometers.
Tennis- a sport in which either two players compete (“singles”) or two teams consisting of two players (“doubles”). The task of the opponents (tennis players or tennis players) is to use rackets to send the ball to the opponent’s side so that he cannot reflect it, and at the same time, so that the ball does not fly out of the field of play.
Modern tennis has the official name “lawn” to distinguish it from real tennis (or “jeux de paume”, in the French version of the name) - an older variety played indoors and on a completely different type of court. Tennis is an Olympic sport.
Shooting sport- a sport in which participants compete in shooting from firearms and pneumatic weapons. Divided into bullet shooting, where shooting is carried out from rifled weapons in a shooting range at targets and clay pigeon shooting, where participants shoot from smooth-bore weapons at special flying skeet targets at open shooting ranges.
Both shot and skeet shooting are included in the Olympic Games program and are among the oldest Olympic disciplines. For the first time, medals in shooting were awarded at the II Olympic Games in Paris in 1900. Since 1984, competitions for men and women have been held separately.
Competitions in shooting sports are held under the auspices of the International Sports Shooting Federation (ISSF).
There is also archery and crossbow shooting, the former being included in the Olympic Games program.
Archery- a sport in which archery is shot with arrows for accuracy or range. The winner is the athlete or team that scores the most points, according to the rules of the competition. An Olympic sport since 1900.
Softball(eng. softball) - a sports team game with a ball, a type of baseball. Played primarily by boys and women, the softball is larger than a baseball, making it easier to hit.
Modern pentathlon, pentathlon (fromOld Greekπέντα “five”+αθλο "competition")- a sport from the all-around sports class, in which participants compete in five disciplines: show jumping, fencing, shooting, running, swimming. It is divided into men's and women's pentathlon.
Sailing- sports in which athletes compete using equipment, mainly boats and ships, special sleds for snow or ice, and carts for moving on hard surfaces, driven by sails.
Sailing undoubtedly received its development in those countries where it was convenient to practice this sport based on their geographical location.
At first, yachting became popular in Holland, and after some time, athletes involved in sailing could be seen near the English coast. The first mention in chronicles of racing on sailing yachts dates back to 1662.
A century later, the first yacht clubs appeared. The first of them appeared in England. Over time, yacht clubs spread throughout Europe. Gradually, yachting migrated to America and Russia.
The word yacht comes from the Dutch - jacht, - a sailing, sail-motor or motor vessel for water sports and walks.
The first international sailing union was founded in 1907, which changed its name to the International Sailing Federation in 1996.
Table tennis (Ping pong) - a pairs sports game based on throwing a ball with rackets over a playing table with a net according to certain rules, in which the goal of the players is to achieve a situation where the ball will not be hit by the opponent Athletics- a set of sports that combines such disciplines as running, walking, jumping (long, high, triple, pole), throwing (discus, javelin, hammer, shot) and athletics all-around. One of the main and most popular sports.
The governing body is the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), founded in 1912 and uniting 210 national federations.
Equestrianism - When riding a horse, the rider does not sit passively on the horse, but actively interacts with the movement of the horse. The horse is guided by shifting the rider's weight, squeezing the hips and loosening or tightening the reins. The rider's voice can also influence the horse's movement, but this is not allowed in all types of equestrian sports.
Judo(Japanese ju - “flexible”, do: - “way”) - philosophy, sports and military art, born in Japan and which have become popular throughout the world. The basis of judo was jujutsu, from which 300 effective techniques were selected that were safe to study and use in the training process. Since at that time the policeman did not have any weapons, he had to use hand-to-hand combat techniques to neutralize the criminal. A prestigious competition was announced for obtaining the title of instructor in hand-to-hand combat at the police station. Judokas took part in this competition and won, thanks to which a prestigious position was obtained, and the new wrestling system became widely known. The basic rules and principles of training and competitions were formulated by Jigoro Kano. The date of birth is considered to be the founding of the first judo school in Kano in 1882.
Academicrowing- a cyclic sport. Athletes are in boats and row backwards, unlike kayaking and canoeing. It is most common and popular in Western Europe, Russia, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and Romania.
Rowing has been included in the Olympic Games program since 1900 (for women since 1976). In addition to the Olympic Games, the World Championship, the World Cup, the Nations Cup, the World Student Championship, and the World Youth Championship are held annually.
Gymnastics is one of the most popular sports. There are several types of gymnastics: Health-improving types of gymnastics involve performing exercises during the day in the form of morning exercises, physical education, physical education in educational institutions and in production. Hygienic gymnastics - used to preserve and strengthen health, maintain a high level of physical and mental performance, and social activity. Rhythmic gymnastics is a type of health-improving gymnastics. An important element of rhythmic gymnastics is musical accompaniment. Educational and developmental types of gymnastics include: basic, women's, athletic, professional and applied.
Sports types of gymnastics include: artistic, rhythmic, acrobatic, team.
Handball- team ball game 7 vs 7 players (6 field players and a goalkeeper in each team). They play indoors on a court measuring 40x20 m with a round inflatable ball measuring 58-60 cm in circumference and weighing 425-475 g for men and 54-56 cm in circumference and weighing 325-375 g for women. The game consists of two halves of 30 minutes each (“dirty” time; the stopwatch in handball stops only during time-outs, technical breaks) with a break between halves of 10 minutes. The goal of the game is to throw as many balls as possible into the opponent’s goal (3x2 m). In this case, when throwing, you cannot step beyond the line that limits the 6-meter zone in front of the goal. Draws in handball are allowed, but in some cases, for example, in knockout tournaments, in the event of a draw in regulation time, an extra time (2 x 5 minutes) is assigned; if he does not identify the winner, a second extra period is assigned; if it also ends with a draw, then the teams take a penalty - 5 shots each from the 7-meter mark.
Volleyball(English volleyball from volley - “to hit the ball from the air” (also translated as “flying”, “soaring”) and ball - “ball”) - a sport, a team sports game, during which two teams compete on a special site, divided net, trying to direct the ball to the opponent's side so that it lands on the opponent's court (finish to the floor), or a player of the defending team makes a mistake. At the same time, to organize an attack, players of one team are allowed no more than three touches of the ball in a row (in addition to touching the block).
The central body of volleyball as an international sport, which determines the set of rules FIVB (English) is the International Volleyball Federation. Volleyball has been an Olympic sport since 1964.
Volleyball is a non-contact, combination sport, where each player has a strict specialization on the court. The most important qualities for volleyball players are jumping ability to be able to rise high above the net, reaction, coordination, and physical strength to effectively carry out attacking strikes.
Cycling(in the broad sense of the word) is movement on the ground using vehicles (bicycles) driven by human muscular power.
Cycling includes disciplines such as track racing, road racing, cross-country racing, mountain biking, competitions in figure riding and bicycle ball games - bicycle polo and bicycle ball, etc. The main goal of racing disciplines is to cover the distance as quickly as possible.
Struggle- single combat between two unarmed athletes using certain techniques. Various types of wrestling have been known since ancient times; wrestling is included in the program of the Olympic Games.
Unlike martial arts, a fight can take place both in a standing position and on the ground (on your knees, lying down, etc.), striking techniques are prohibited.
Quiz “Summer sports” for schoolchildren with answers
Gracheva Marina Sergeevna, physical education teacher at Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 3”, Bratsk, Irkutsk region.Purpose: This event may be of interest to physical education teachers, additional education teachers, and summer camp workers.
Description: The material is aimed at developing children's interest in physical education and sports, promotes the development of cognitive interest and curiosity in children, it can be used both in lessons and in extracurricular activities.
Target: attract children to sports, introduce children to outstanding athletes of our city.
Tasks:
1. Improve knowledge about summer sports.
2. Promote the development of thinking, attention, memory.
3. Ensure the development of interest in various sports.
4. Promote the formation healthy image life.
Supervisor:
Hints to the answers are provided by drawings depicting equipment for this species sports All kinds of sports are available in our city. At the end of the quiz, I hope you will be able to decide on the choice of sport and find a worthy activity for yourself. Let's start:
Questions:
1.
Queen of Sports - combines more than 40 competitive exercises in walking, running, jumping, throwing and all-around events. One of the oldest sports and the most widespread. You can exercise at any time of the year in an open area, at a stadium, in a park, in a forest.
Answer: hurdle - obstacle course; spear, discus, cannonball throwing; relay baton - relay race; pads - short distance running; pole, jumping meter.
Type of sport - Athletics.
2.
This sport brings people a lot of joy and pleasure, serves as an excellent means of relaxation, improves health, and promotes hardening. Helps a person become strong, dexterous, resilient, courageous, and feel confident in various life situations.
Answer: cap, goggles, swimming board.
Type of sport - Swimming.
3.
The game appeared at the end of the 19th century; it has a complex effect on the human body. A game played by two teams of 5 people on a special platform, on both sides of which there are racks with rings attached to them.
Answer: ring with net, basketball.
Type of sport - Basketball.
4.
The game originated at the end of the 19th century. Denmark is popular all over the world. Each team has 7 players on the court, one of whom is the goalkeeper. The main elements of the game are skills necessary in everyday life - running, jumping, throwing. In the game, it is allowed to use forceful contact with opponents in the fight for the ball, for a playing position.
Answer: gate, ball.
Type of sport - Handball.
5.
One of the oldest sports games, originating in the Middle Ages. A team sport in which the goal is to score the ball into the opponent's goal with the feet or other parts of the body (except the hands). Currently the most popular and widespread sport in the world.
Answer: ball, boots.
Type of sport - Football.
6.
This is one of the most powerful and courageous sports, recognized not only as the most effective remedy in versatile physical development, but also as a means of developing morality and fortitude.
A contact sport, a martial art in which athletes punch each other with their fists while wearing special gloves.
Answer: gloves, boxers.
Type of sport: Boxing.
7.
This game is available to children and adults. Over the past 100 years, it has become the most popular and widespread in the world and in our country. A team sports game in which there are two teams of 6 people. Players of one of the teams try to pass the ball or kick it to the opponents' side so that they cannot return it back without breaking the rules.
Answer: net, ball.
Type of sport - Volleyball.
8.
The sports game involves throwing a special “bouncy” ball using small compact rackets. This action certainly takes place through the gaming table, which is divided in half by a net. The point of the game is to prevent your opponent from hitting the ball correctly. The sport develops speed, flexibility, agility and even endurance. The ball used in the game is the smallest of all those existing in other sports games, and its high speed of flight requires concentration and quick reaction.
Answer: net, racket, ball.
Type of sport - Table tennis.
9.
A European type of martial arts in which the athlete must, with the help of a certain arsenal of technical actions (techniques), unbalance the opponent and press his shoulder blades to the mat, technical actions with the legs (hooks, trips, sweeps) and grabbing the legs with the hands are prohibited.
Answer: tights, wrestling shoes, tatami.
The sport is Greco-Roman wrestling.
10.
Japanese martial art, philosophy and unarmed combat sports created at the end of the 19th century. This is one of the types martial art or sports wrestling, in which the main thing is dexterity, not strength. The key is to use your opponent's strength.
Answer: kimono, tatami.
Type of sport - Judo.
Supervisor:
I hope that today we have learned a lot about summer sports, and each of you will be able to choose an activity to your liking. I wish you to reach those heights of victory like our Brothers. I think you are familiar with our heroes:
Track and field athletes from Bratsk Vladimir and Ilya Krasnov. Among Ilya Krasnov’s latest achievements is the “gold” of the European Junior Championships in the 4x400 meter relay. Among the achievements of his older brother, Olympian Vladimir Krasnov, is “gold” at the Universiade in Kazan, as well as medals of various denominations at the European and World Championships. Vladimir Krasnov is the “Honored Master of Sports of Russia”. Ilya Krasnov Master of Sports of Russia. We are proud of them.
Quiz about sports with answers for students in grades 3-4
Explanatory noteA quiz is a special type of game that involves the process of guessing the correct answers to oral or written questions from different fields of knowledge. Different types quizzes may differ from each other in rules, topics, types and complexity of the question base, the procedure and conditions for determining the winners of the competition. The concept of “quiz” appeared in the 20s of the twentieth century. The authorship belongs to the then quite famous Soviet journalist and publicist Mikhail Koltsov. The word was invented for the title of a newspaper section, which contained all sorts of intelligence questions, interesting charades and puzzles. Moreover, one of its employees, Victor, selected materials for this section of the newspaper. It was from his name that the word “quiz” appeared.
If you want your children to be fully developed, then teach them, for example, in a playful way. And young athletes will be very interested in learning as much as possible about sports. So conduct a sports quiz among the students of your school.
Quiz goal: involve students in educational, cognitive and sports activities.
Quiz objectives:
determine the level of knowledge of students;
promote the development of schoolchildren's interest in the theory of sports;
identify students who are most prepared in sports theory.
Quiz participants: students in grades 3-4.
Sports quiz “In the world of sports”
I.Choose the correct answer.1. An athlete who walks while sitting.
a) Chess player; b) walker; c) skier.
2. Sports challenge prize.
a) Certificate; b) cup; c) medal.
3. Which sport has the highest start?
a) Parachute; b) swimming; c) ski jumping.
4. In what sport do athletes inject each other?
a) Fencing; b) boxing; c) hockey.
5. What can’t a referee go onto the field without?
a) Gloves; b) checkbox; c) whistle.
6. Footballer's shoes.
a) Sneakers; b) boots; c) skates.
7. What is the athlete trying to establish?
a) Plank; b) record; c) time.
8. What is the name of a pole with a rowing blade?
a) Stick; b) bat; c) oar.
9. A sports game in which the goal is to throw a ball into a basket?
a) Basketball; b) volleyball; c) football.
10. Boxing court.
a) Stadium; b) ring; in field.
II. Highlight the equipment that the biathlete uses?
1. Skis 2. Rifle 3. Skates 4. Snowboard 5. Poles 6. Puck 7. Stick
III. Highlight the equipment that the football player uses?
1.Ball 2.Saddle 3.Bat 4.Gate 5.Gloves 6.Racket 7.Spear
IV. Select summer sports and place a “V” next to them.
V. Connect the correct pairs of objects with arrows
VI. Find the correct pairs by connecting pictures and names of a person’s physical qualities with arrows
VII. List five sports related to water.
1.Fencing 2.Water polo 3.Tennis 4.Equestrianism 5.Football 6.Gymnastics
7. Wrestling 8. Rowing 9. Swimming 10. Athletics 11. Synchronized swimming
12.Weightlifting 13.Diving
VIII. What sports require ice? Mark them.
1. Hockey 2. Snowboarding 3. Figure skating 4. Biathlon 5. Ski racing
6. Skeleton 7. Alpine skiing 8. Combined 9. Freestyle 10. Curling
11. Ski jumping 12. Bobsleigh 13. Luge
IX. Solve the puzzles.
X. Using clues, find out what the Olympic motto sounds like
I. 1 a; 2 b; 3 a; 4 a; 5 V; 6 b; 7 b; 8 in; 9 a; 10 b.
II. Skis, rifle, poles.
III. Ball, goal, gloves.
IV. 1,3,4,5,9,12.
V. 1-G; 2-A; 3-D; 4-B; 5 B
VI. 1-B; 2-A; 3-D; 4-B; 5-G
VII. Water polo, rowing, swimming, synchronized swimming, diving.
VIII. Hockey, figure skating, skeleton, curling, bobsleigh, luge.
IX. Hockey, Tennis, Wrestling, Stadium.
X. Faster, higher, stronger.
Unlike winter summer olympic sports have more variety. After all, here we present not only those sports in which competitions can only be held in the summer, but also all-season sports. In addition, the process of accepting new disciplines into the Olympic Games program is constantly underway.
It involves throwing a shuttlecock (game equipment) over the net using racket strikes. The shuttlecock must touch the ground on the opponent's field. Both two people can play against each other, or four people can play two against two. It has been an Olympic sport since 1992 (XXV Olympiad, Barcelona, Spain).
This is a team game. The goal of each team is to throw the ball into the opponent's basket and prevent the opposing team from doing the same. Two teams of five people play at the same time. Participates in the Olympic program since 1936 (XI Olympiad, Berlin, Germany).
This is a type of contact combat sport. Rivals strike each other with their hands wearing special gloves. The goal is to deliver as many accurate blows to the opponent as possible, or to knock him down with a blow so that he cannot continue the fight for 10 seconds (knockout). A similar type of martial arts (fist fighting) was in the program Ancient Olympic Games. Modern boxing (English boxing) has become an Olympic sport since 1904 (III Olympiad, St. Louis, USA), and a permanent participant in the Olympic Games program since 1920 (XII Olympiad, Antwerp, Belgium). The question of participation in the Olympic Games of women's boxing was considered. The IOC issued a positive verdict, and at the XXX Summer Olympic Games in London (2012, Great Britain), women boxers have already received their first Olympic medals.
This is a combat sport between two athletes. Various throws and techniques are allowed. Impact techniques are prohibited. Wrestling was on the program ancient olympic games. Then it was one of the components of the pentathlon (pentathlon). Depending on the restrictions and rules, Olympic wrestling is divided into Greco-Roman (classical), which has been participating in the Olympics since 1896 (I Olympiad, Athens, Greece), and freestyle, which has been included in the Olympic program since 1904 (III Olympiad, St. Louis, USA) - men, and since 2004 (XXVIII Olympiad, Athens, Greece) - women.
Cycling is included in the Olympic program from the 1st Olympics. It is divided into types that were included in the Olympic program in different years. In addition, there is a bicycle race over a distance of 40 km. is a component discipline of triathlon.
- Cycling highway. Long distance race. 239 km. - men, 120 km. - women. The first race took place in 1896 (I Olympics, Athens, Greece).
- Cycling track. Race on an artificial track in a circle. It also differs in different types. There are women's (not all events) and men's races. This type of competition was included in the program of all Olympic Games, with the exception of the 1912 Olympics (V Olympiad, Stockholm, Sweden).
- Mountain bike. Another name is mountain bike. Since 1996 (XXVI Olympiad, Atlanta, USA), a variety called cross-country has been an Olympic sport. This is a cross-country race consisting of a certain number of laps.
- Bicycle motocross (BMX). Competitions are held on small bicycles with great maneuverability and the possibility of great acceleration. First presented at the 2008 Olympic Games (XXIX Olympiad, Beijing, China).
Team sport. Two teams of seven people participate, each of which strives to throw the ball into the goal of the opposing team. The entire game is played in a pool of water. It has been an Olympic sport since 1900 (II Olympiad, Paris, France).
Team game with the ball. The goal is to throw the ball over the net so that it touches the floor on the opponent's court. 6 people play on each side. The game has been included in the Olympic Games since 1964 (XVIII Olympic Games, Tokyo, Japan).
This is also a team game with a ball. The goal is to throw as many balls as possible into the opponent's goal. But at the same time, you cannot step beyond the 6-meter line in front of the goal. Shots into the goal for the most part, are made by hand. There are 7 people playing on each side. The Olympic tournament was held in 1936 (XI Olympiad, Berlin, Germany). Then, there were demonstration performances in 1952 (XV Olympic Games, Helsinki, Finland). Handball has been a constant presence at the Olympic Games since 1972 (XX summer games, Munich, Germany).
Competitions in boats on the water. The boat is accelerated using oars. Rowers sit with their backs facing the direction of travel. Depending on the discipline, there may be one, two, four or eight rowers in a boat. The Olympic program has included men since 1900 (II Olympiad, Paris, France), and women since 1976 (XXI Summer Games, Montreal, Canada).
This is a type of rowing on various types of boats. The rowers sit facing the direction of travel. Only men (singles and doubles) participate in canoe competitions. In kayak competitions - men and women (singles, doubles and fours). The types of competitions are sprint - a race along a flat track marked with buoys (a race on smooth water), and slalom - a race through a certain number of gates, and during the distance both the speed and direction of the water flow changes. Sprint was first introduced in 1924 (VIII Olympiad, Paris, France), and has been an Olympic sport since 1936 (XI Olympiad, Berlin, Germany). Slalom was included in the Olympic program in 1972 (XX Summer Games, Munich, Germany), but has been constantly participating in the Olympics (the construction of the track is expensive) only since 1992 (XXV Olympic Games, Barcelona, Spain).
Sports gymnastics.
This is a sport that includes several disciplines. Men compete in vault, floor exercise, rings, pommel horse, parallel bars, and horizontal bar. Women compete on the balance beam, uneven bars, vault and floor exercise. Competitions among men at the Olympic Games have been held since 1896 (I Olympiad, Athens, Greece), among women - since 1928 (IX Summer Games, Amsterdam, the Netherlands).
Rhythmic gymnastics.
In this type of competition, various dance, acrobatic and gymnastic exercises are performed to music. They can be performed both with objects (hoop, ball, jump rope, clubs, ribbon) and without objects. It has become an Olympic sport since 1984 (XXIII Summer Games, Los Angeles, USA). For now, competitions are held only among women. But the appearance of men in the Olympic arena is not excluded.
It is a martial art that originated in Japan. In the 20th century, the sport of judo appeared, in which striking techniques were prohibited. At the Olympics, judo is presented as a combat sport. Judo has had its Olympic history since 1964 (XVIII Summer Olympic Games, Tokyo, Japan). Women began to participate in the Olympic Games in 1992 (XXV Olympic Games, Barcelona, Spain).
This includes types of competitions where there is interaction between rider and horse. There are three disciplines represented at the Olympic Games. Dressage, jumping (jumping) and eventing, which takes place over three days and includes riding in the arena, field riding and jumping. Equestrian sport has been represented at the Olympic Games since 1912 (V Olympiad, Stockholm, Sweden).
This concept includes many disciplines. This includes running over various distances, walking, high jump, long jump, pole vault, triple jump, hammer throw, javelin throw, discus throw, shot throw, as well as several types of all-around events combining various disciplines. Basically, Athletics It is considered the most popular sport. Unofficially, she is even called the “queen of sports.” Athletics competitions take their roots from the Ancient Olympics. Modern athletics has been present at the Olympic Games since their very beginning - 1896 (I Olympiad, Athens, Greece).
Table tennis (ping pong).
It is a sports game that involves throwing a ball over a net on a gaming table. The goal is to create a situation where the opponent will not be able to hit the ball back onto the opponent's field. Opponents can play one on one, or two on two. It has been considered an Olympic sport since 1988 (XXIV Olympiad, Seoul, Republic of Korea).
This sport includes racing on all types of transport, where the driving force is wind and sails. The program of the Olympic Games includes yacht racing. Sailing was included in the program of the Olympic Games in 1900 (II Olympiad, Paris, France). Except for 1904 (III Olympiad, St. Louis, USA), he is present at all Summer Olympics. Often, sailing competitions are held away from the city hosting the Olympic Games - where there are suitable conditions for this.
This is a type of human movement in water without touching the bottom. Competitions are held at various distances and in different styles. It has been an Olympic sport since 1896 (I Olympiad, Athens, Greece). Women began to compete at the Olympics starting in 1912 (V Olympiad, Stockholm, Sweden).
Beach volleyball.
Since 1996 (XXVI Olympiad, Atlanta, USA), Olympic beach volleyball tournaments have been held. Here, unlike classic volleyball, the team consists of two people, and the court is sandy. Points are awarded only when a team wins the service.
They were first presented in the program of the Olympic Games in 1900 (II Olympiad, Paris, France). It has been considered an Olympic sport since 1904 (III Olympiad, St. Louis, USA). Includes springboard and platform jumping. Both men and women participate. At the Olympics, competitions are now held in jumping from a 3-meter springboard and a 10-meter platform. During the jump, the athlete performs various acrobatic elements. Since 2000 (XXVII Olympiad, Sydney, Australia), synchronized jumping has also been held in the same disciplines.
Jumping on a trampoline.
This discipline belongs to artistic gymnastics. Athletes jump on a trampoline, consisting of a metal frame with a stretched mesh, and perform various gymnastic and acrobatic elements. In the program of the Olympic Games since 2000 (XXVII Olympiad, Sydney, Australia).
Includes elements of acrobatics, gymnastics and swimming. Although men competed in the late 19th century, it is now an exclusively “female” sport. Duets and groups compete at the Olympics. It has been present in the Olympic program since 1984 (XXIII Summer Games, Los Angeles, USA).
This sport consists of five disciplines that each participant must pass. These are shooting (20 shots from an air pistol), fencing (1 minute on swords), swimming (200 meters freestyle), horse riding (jumping), running (3000 m, they start based on the difference in points in previous events) . The founder of modern pentathlon is considered to be the great Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin. This type of competition has been present in the program of the Olympic Games since 1912 (V Olympiad, Stockholm, Sweden).
Shooting competitions are held with pneumatic and firearms. Bullet shooting takes place at a shooting range, where athletes shoot at targets using rifled weapons. Skeet shooting takes place at open ranges and is carried out from smooth-bore weapons at flying saucer targets. Present in the program of the Olympic Games since 1900 (II Olympiad, Paris, France). Separate competitions for men and women began to be held in 1984 (XXIII Olympiad, Los Angeles, USA).
Individual and team championships are held. This sport was first presented at the Olympics in 1900 (II Olympiad, Paris, France). From 1924 (VIII Olympiad, Paris, France) to 1968 (XIX Olympiad, Mexico City, Mexico), archery competitions were not held at the Olympic Games, although the IOC recognized this sport as an Olympic sport in 1958. The reason for this break was the lack of uniform competition rules. Competitions are held between men and women.
The goal of the game is the same as that of table tennis - in this case, throw a tennis ball using a racket onto the opponent’s playing field so that he cannot return it back. The game is played in an indoor or outdoor area and can be individual - one on one, or team - two on two. He was present in the program of the Olympic Games from 1896 (I Olympiad, Athens, Greece) to 1924 (VIII Olympiad, Paris, France), and then, starting in 1988 (XXIV Olympiad, Seoul, Republic of Korea) permanently.
This sport requires fantastic endurance. The participant first swims 1500 m, then rides a bicycle for 40 km, and after that runs 10,000 m. There are no breaks between stages. Triathlon competitions at the Olympic Games have been held since 2000 (XXVII Olympiad, Sydney, Australia).
This is a type of Korean martial art. At the Olympic Games there is a sports version of it, which is developed by the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF). In 1988 (XXIV Olympiad, Seoul, Republic of Korea), taekwondo was present at the Olympics as a demonstration sport, and since 2000 (XXVII Olympiad, Sydney, Australia) it has been an Olympic sport. Competitions are held between men and women.
It is a sport in which athletes compete in lifting weights. The two main exercises are the clean and jerk and the snatch. Weightlifting has been present in the program of the Olympic Games since 1896 (I Olympiad, Athens, Greece), but at the Olympic Games in 1900 (II Olympiad, Paris, France), 1908 (IV Olympiad, London, Great Britain) and 1912 (V Olympiad, Stockholm, Sweden) there were no weightlifting competitions. Since 2000 (XXVII Olympiad, Sydney, Australia), women have been participating in the Olympic program.
At the Olympic Games there are individual and team championships. Men fencing with sabers, rapiers and epees. Women fencing with swords and rapiers. Fencing with sabers and foils has been included in the Olympic program since 1896 (I Olympiad, Athens, Greece), and in 1900 (II Olympiad, Paris, France) epee fencing was added here.
This sport needs no introduction - it is the most popular in the world. Football was the first team game included in the Olympic program. This happened in 1900 (II Olympiad, Paris, France). Since 1996 (XXVI Olympiad, Atlanta, USA), Olympic women's football tournaments have been held. It is noteworthy that the Olympic football tournament starts even before the official opening of the Olympic Games.
The game is to score as many goals as possible into the opponent's goal using a stick. It is prohibited to touch the ball with your hands or feet (the goalkeeper is an exception). The number of athletes playing on the field in one team is 11 people. The field surface must be grass or artificial. Field hockey has been participating in the Olympic Games since 1908 (IV Olympiad, London, Great Britain). Women's tournaments have been held at the Olympic Games since 1980 (
Why do hockey players need a broom, and skiers need a horseman?
Are you used to the fact that summer means football, swimming, badminton, and winter means skating, skiing, and sledding? Get out of the habit. There is no longer a clear division between winter and summer sports. Do you like kayaking? Welcome to the mountain. Are you into kiting? Go to the frozen lake. Put the bike on skis and off you go.
In the middle of last December, snow volleyball was officially recognized as a sport in Russia. A year earlier, the status of this game was confirmed by the European Volleyball Confederation, and the first European tour had already been held. The rules are the same as in beach volleyball, only the game is played to 15 points. Yes, you can’t play in swimsuits: you need it sports suit, gloves and sneakers with non-slip soles (while most people use football boots). The first Russian competitions within the Eurotour will be held in Sochi on March 15 - 17. Why do we need all this? Yes, because we have good chances to get ahead in this sport. We are not Brazil with kilometers of sandy beaches. In Russia it is much easier to find a flat snowy area where you can stretch the net and throw the ball. In addition, it is possible that snow volleyball will be included in the Olympic Games program in ten years.
The fashion for this fun arose in European ski resorts as an additional and, importantly, inexpensive form of active recreation. However, not only for volleyball. Fans of sports entertainment have long stopped paying attention to the seasons and successfully mix summer sports with winter ones.
Fair wind
Many people know about kitesurfing. But snowkiting is still new in Russia, although it originated in the 70s - in the Alps. Although the only difference is: in the first case it is water, in the second it is snow or ice. With the help of a kite, a controlled kite, a skier or snowboarder develops high speed without any effort. For extreme sports enthusiasts - just the thing.
What do you need: kite; skis, board or skates; mountains, snowy plain or frozen pond.
Where to ride: Amateurs usually master snowkiting on the ice of lakes; most competitions are also held on reservoirs. In Russia - on Lake Onega, the Zhigulevsky Sea, in the vicinity of St. Petersburg, in Karelia, on the Kola Peninsula, in Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Samara, Kazan.
Born to fly
Thrill-seekers - paragliders and parachutists - came up with entertainment: high-speed flight from a mountain using a glider (a wing, a type of parachute). This sport is called speedflying or speedgliding. Some add to the wing skiing and launch down from the mountain peaks, sometimes rushing through the snow, sometimes soaring in the air. The speed reaches up to 100 kilometers per hour.
What do you need: glider; skiing; courage and determination.
Where to ride: In Russia, speedflying is still developing in Crimea as a summer species. How popular in winter in the Alps: in Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Germany, France.
Did you lubricate your ski? Pedal off!
Who among you as a child was not upset that you couldn’t ride your bike in winter? Now everything is available. IN Lately Special winter tires are produced, even studded ones. They also convert an ordinary bicycle into a winter one by replacing the front wheel with a short ski.
Where to ride: wherever there is snow.
Puck! Puck!
Underwater hockey - in a pool or warm body of water - appeared in Britain back in 1954. The winter version originated in Austria. The match is played under an ice platform 6x8 meters. Dressed in warm wetsuits, athletes dive into the water without oxygen tanks, so they come up for air every half a minute. Their task: to drive a wooden puck (it’s larger than a hockey puck) into the enemy’s goal (the distance between the goals is 15 meters). The period lasts 10 minutes.
What do you need: insulated wetsuits; clubs; special washer; gates; frozen pond; four divers with oxygen tanks who monitor the condition of the players.
Where to play: in Russia competitions are held on Lake Baikal. The world's main ice hockey venue is the Austrian lake Weissensee. This year the fifth championship will be held there.
Quiditch without magic
And again, a type of hockey, or rather bandy, however, less extreme. Everything is the same, only the ball is kicked with a broom. It's called broomball. Funny and exciting.
What do you need: hockey equipment; sneakers with non-slip soles; ball; broom (for serious athletes it is already far from the usual shape and more and more resembles a stick. Amateurs play with hard plastic brooms).
Where to play: the game is quite common in Europe, USA, Japan and Australia. In Russia, broomball is played by expats (foreigners who live and work with us); competitions have been held in Moscow for several decades. The teams are mixed, they also accept Russians.
Yacht on skates
Yachtsmen also don’t want to get bored in winter. That's why they came up with the iceboat. This is a platform mounted on steel skates, with a rudder and a sail, almost like a yacht. Only sailing sleds move faster because there is no water resistance.
What do you need: buer; ability to control a yacht.
Where to ride: on any frozen bodies of water. Entertainment is very popular in Poland and the part of Germany adjacent to the Baltic Sea. In Russia they race on Lake Baikal, on Lakes Senezhskoye and Onega, and on reservoirs in Karelia and the Far East.
Downhill on a boat
Races down the mountain in kayaks (single-person boats) take place at many ski resorts. From summer kayaking there is only a small hole with water where the route ends. True, athletes, having accelerated to a decent speed, fly through it, often only touching the surface of the water. They steer with an oar, as befits real kayakers.
What do you need: kayak; paddle; mountain route, preferably with a pond at the finish line.
Where to ride: if there is no water hole - any available slide.
On slippery ice
For those who want to feel Lewis Hamilton, icekarting will do. Everything is like in a regular karting, only on ice and with studded tires. True, in this case you won’t go much faster: the ice won’t give you any.
What do you need: specially equipped area; kart; protective helmet; height of at least 140 centimeters (these rules).
Where to ride: There are ice karting sites in Finland, Sweden, and Norway.
Horsepower
How I envied my friends who had a big dog as a child! After all, she could give the owner a ride while sitting on a sled or standing on skis. Probably, the person who invented skijoring had the same dreams. In this sport, a rider on a horse pulls a skier behind him. At the same time, he must go around the flags or have time to perform certain actions with his hand. Let's say, thread a rod through a series of rings on the track.
What do you need: horse and rider; skis.
Where to ride: popular in northern Canada and the USA, as well as in the Nordic countries. In Russia, this fun has not yet been mastered; you can become a pioneer.
Icicle in the ocean
What do you think of when you hear the word “surfing”? A muscular tanned guy and his chocolate girlfriend with boards under his arm from an American film about sweet life in Miami? It's vulgar and banal. Or our Russian Far Eastern surfers, who catch waves in the cold waters of the Pacific Ocean in winter.
What do you need: insulated wetsuit; surf; cold wave.
Where to ride: European surfers boldly go to the shores of the Bay of Biscay or the North Sea. In Russia, winter surfing is actively developing in Kamchatka.
Flying frying pan
* Shovel races have become traditional at American ski resorts. Moreover, the handle should provocatively stick out between the participant’s legs. Each person is given two attempts and is chosen best time.
* And in Germany they decided to parody bobsleigh and came up with the idea of sliding down a real professional track on woks - enlarged analogues of a Chinese frying pan.
